[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.03"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Black "Rosenthal,S."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "C49"]
[LongECO "C49/01 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Four Knights: Brentano"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.05.08"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6
{Rosenthal, as well as some other first-class practitioners,
 deliberately reject Morphy's favorite defense of 3...a6 at
 this point, probably on account of the dulness of the
 positions which arise therefrom ; for we do not think that
 any palpable inferiority can be demonstrated for the second
 player adopting that line of play. The turn which the
 present game takes shows, however, not the least
 improvement on the score of vivacity over most other
 variation of the Ruy Lopez, which seem to assume an early
 aspect of a draw.}
4.Nc3 Bb4 5.0-0 0-0 6.Nd5 Bc5 
{Black might also without disadvantage take the knight
 followed by 7...Nd4. In reference to this line of play the
 novel idea has struck us that White might give up a piece
 temporarily with the certainty of recovering it and some
 possibility of obtaining the advantage of position, and we,
 therefore, think it right to call special attention to the
 following variations: 6...Nxd5 7.exd5 Nd4, (or 7...Ne7
 8.Nxe5 Nxd5 9.c3 with slightly the better game, as the
 bishop must retreat to e7, where he will be obstructed by
 his d-pawn which must drive away the adverse knight from
 being utilized on the queenside, and on the kingside he
 will be of little use. The bishop cannot well retreat to
 c5, or else he will be shut out from action by the adverse
 d-pawn.); 8.Nxe5 Nxb5 9.a4 Nd4 (This is best. If 9...Qe7,
 White answers 10.Re1 with advantage ; if 9...Qf6, White
 defends by 10.d4, and will afterwards recover the piece by
 the process indicated below ; and if 9...Bd6, White
 retreats the knight to f3, and Black's knight is lost
 immediately. Again, if 9...Nd6, White pursues the bishop by
 10.c3, and then accordingly by 11.d4 or 11.b4, and
 ultimately by pawn to a5, regaining the piece with the
 better game.); 10.c3 d6 11.Nf3 Nxf3+ 12.Qxf3 Bc5 13.d4 Bxd4
 14.cxd4, and the position is even on account of the bishops
 of opposite colors.}
7.d4 
{Zukertort adopts here a line of attack which first was
 first played against himself by Blackburne in the Paris
 Congress. On the occasion. However, Black (Zukertort) had
 already pushed the pawn to a6, and the white bishop had
 retreated to a4. This slight difference in the position
 enabled Black to defend in the following manner: 8...Nxd4
 9.Nxd4 Nxd5, with the better game, for White will gain
 nothing by 10.Nb3, attacking the bishop, as Black would
 reply 10...Nb6, followed by 11...d6 in reply to 11.Nxc5.}
7...Nxd5 
{The slight difference in the position makes all the
 difference, and the above-mentioned defense is no more
 practicable, for, in answer to 7...Nxd4, followed by
 8...Nxd5, White would first takes the knight (d4), followed
 by 9.Nb3, Black having then no means of retaliation by
 attacking another piece. The point of the present attack
 lies in the danger threatened to Black by bishop to g5, for
 which reason neither knight nor bishop can take the d-pawn;
 e.g., in the first place: 7...Nxd4 8.Nxd4 Bxd4 9.Bg5 c6
 10.Nxf6+ gxf6 11.Bh6, and wins the exchange; for Black has
 no time to take the bishop (b5), on account of the
 impending mate in two moves, commencing with 12.Qg4+.
 Secondly, 7...Bxd4 8.Nxd4 Nxd4 9.Bg5 Nxb5 10.f4 d6 11.fxe5
 dxe5 12.Rxf6 c6 (This seems best; for, if 12...gxf6, the
 bishop retakes, followed by 14.Qh5, winning easily.);
 13.Rg6 hxg6 (The queen cannot escape; for, if 13...Qa5,
 White would answer 14.Nf6+, followed by 15.Qh5; and if
 13...f6, White takes the pawn with the bishop, and the rook
 dare not retake, on account of 15.Nxf6+, also winning the
 queen.); 14.Bxd8, and wins; for the rook dare not take the
 bishop, on account of 15.Ne7+; and, if 14...cxd4, the reply
 is 15.Qxd4, attacking the knight.  Nevertheless, we do not
 feel sure of the soundness of the present attack, and we
 believe the following defense would be successful: 7...exd4
 8.Bg5 Re8 (The object of this move is not alone to attack
 the e-pawn, but also to make room for the bishop at f8 in
 certain emergencies when the adverse bishop posts itself at
 h6. It should be observed that Black must be careful not to
 block his bishop by ...d6, until all danger is passed.)
 9.Bxf6 (or 9.Nh4 Rxe4 10.f4 Be7 11.Bd3 Re6 12.f5 Re5, with
 two pawns ahead and a fine game.) 9...gxf6 10.Qd2 Rxe4
 11.Qh6 Re6 12.Rae1 Ne5, threatening 13...c6 with an
 excellent game. Should White now answer 13.Qh4, for the
 purpose of taking the knight with the knight next move.
 Black might reply 13...Ng6, followed first by 14...Bd6, in
 case White answers 14.Qg3.}
8.dxc5 Nf6 
{Zukertort thinks that this was Black's best move, and that
 White would have obtained some ultimate advantage with his
 combined two bishops had Black here retreated the knight to
 e7.}
9.Bxc6 
{Had the winner of the Paris tournament been better
 disposed, he would probably have elected to keep up the
 position, and to maintain his two bishops by 9.Qd3. The
 probable continuation was then as follows: 9.Qd3 Qe7 10.Be3
 d6 11.Nd2, and Black will find it difficult to develop
 himself properly, for if 11...dxc5, White would first
 capture the knight, followed by 13.Nb3, recovering the pawn
 with the better game.}
9...dxc6 10.Qxd8 Rxd8 11.Bg5 Re8 12.Bxf6 gxf6
{We believe that White had a small advantage in position.
 The knight is generally very strong when the opponent has a
 doubled pawn which cannot easily be dissolved, and we think
 White might have harassed the opponent considerably by
 knight to h4, followed at the earliest opportunity by pawn
 to f3 and pawn to g4. Of course he was bound in the
 meanwhile to guard against any danger from the opponent
 occupying the open d-file with his rook; but ultimately the
 knight might have been brought into play via g2 and e3, and
 White had then the better chance of winning.}
1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.05"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Rosenthal,S."]
[Black "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "C44"]
[LongECO "C44/02 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Ponziani: Steinitz"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.05.08"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 d5 4.Qa4 f6
{First adopted by Steinitz against Wisker in the handicap
 tournament of the British Chess Association of 1868.}
5.Bb5 Nge7 6.d3 Bd7
{The proper way of development was 6...Be6.  The move in the
 text exposes him to a troublesome attack.}
7.exd5 Nxd5 8.Qe4 Nb6 9.d4 a6 10.Be2 f5 11.Qc2 e4
{Black could have exchanged pawns, thereby isolating the
 adverse d-pawn, followed by ...Qf6.  But in answer to the
 latter move, White would probably castle, and afterwards
 obtain a considerable attack by Rd1 in case Black took the
 d-pawn.}
12.Ng5 Qf6 13.Nh3 h6 14.a4 0-0-0
{The course of the game proves this to have been hazardous.
 14...g5 was, we believe, more worth trying.  There was no
 more danger in the latter experiment than the king would
 have to move to d8 in answer to the bishop checking at h5 ;
 but in many games nowadays the king moves for lesser
 advantages then is here presented by the adverse h-knight
 being shut out from action, while to opponent's pieces on
 the queenside are also quite undeveloped.}
15.a5
{[1:00-?:??];
 At first site 15.Nf4, looks the stronger move, but it turns
 out inferior on examination, e.g.: 15.Nf4 g5 16.a5 gxf4
 17.axb6 Bd6, with the superior game.}
15...Nd5 16.Nf4 Nxf4 17.Bxf4 g5 {[?:??-1:00]} 18.Bd2 Bd6
19.b4 f4
{Black energetically pursues his counter attack in the
 center, and in his general judgment Zukertort seems to have
 been quite correct.  There was hardly any real danger to
 his king's quarters.}
20.b5 
{White, on the other hand, was bound to proceed on the left
 flank, and could not afford to capture the e-pawn without
 exposing himself to a powerful attack, commencing with
 ...Re8.}
20...axb5 21.Bxb5 Nb8 
{But now we think that the danger he wished to provide
 against was only imaginary, and it would have been more
 consistent to press at once the assault by 21...e3.  White
 could not capture twice on account of 23...Rde8 followed
 next move by 24...Rxe3, whether king or queen defended.
 Nor would he gain anything by 22.a6, e.g.: 21...e3 22.a6
 exd2+ 23.Kxd2 (best apparently) 23...bxa6 24.Bxa6+ Kb8
 25.Qb3+ Nb4, etc.  If White on the 24th move play 24.Qa4,
 in lieu of 24...Bxa6+, the answer is also 24...Nb4, and
 Black in the meanwhile remains a piece ahead, and ought to
 get some pawns for it.}
22.a6 
{An excellent move.  White of course threatens to go on
 further with the pawn.}
22...bxa6 23.Bxa6+ Nxa6 24.Rxa6 Bb5 25.Ra8+ Kd7 26.Rxd8+
Kxd8
{The manner in which Black recaptures shows extraordinary
 foresight.  At first it looks better to take with the rook,
 and to leave the latter free access on both wings; but
 Zukertort had, no doubt, already determined on his plan,
 and foreseen all its contingencies, and it will be found
 later on that he would have subjected himself to an
 inconvenient check of the adverse queen if he had left the
 king at d7.}
27.c4 e3 
{All this is in high style.}
28.0-0 
{The best answer.  He obviously could not take the pawn
 twice, on account of the following continuation: 28.fxe3
 fxe3 29.Bxe3 Re8 30.Kd2 (if the queen defends, Black
 answers 30...Bf4) 30...Bf4 31.Re1 Rxe3 32.Rxe3 Qxd4+ 33.Qd3
 (best) 33...Bxe3+, and wins.  It was equally useless to
 attempt 28.Bc3; e.g.: 28.Bc3 Bxc4 29.d5 exf2+ 30.Kd1 (Best.
 If the king moves elsewhere, Black wins accordingly either
 by 30...Re8+, or by 30...Bc5+) 30...Qf7 31.Bxh8 Qxd5+
 followed by queening the pawn, thus regaining the rook with
 two pawns ahead.}
28...exd2 29.cxb5 Qxd4 30.Nxd2 Re8 31.Nc4 {[2:00-?:??]}
31... Bb4
{A beautiful resource.  See our introductory remarks.}
32.b6 
{Rosenthal perceives now, with fine judgment, that his
 b-pawn will be weak for the ending, and that Black can
 force the exchange of rooks.  He sacrifices the pawn
 temporarily, with the assurance of regaining it.}
32...cxb6 33.Rd1 
{Best.  Rosenthal pointed out that if 33.Qa4, Black would
 have maintained the superiority thus: 33.Qa4 Qxc4 34.Rd1+
 Ke7 35.Re1+ Kf6 36.Qxe8 Bxe1, etc.}
33...Re1+ 34.Rxe1 Bxe1 35.Nxb6 Bxf2+ 
{To avoid a troublesome and uncertain ending.  If he took
 the knight, White recovered the piece by 36.Qd1+.}
36.Qxf2 Qd1+ 37.Qf1 Qd4+ 1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.07"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Black "Rosenthal,S."]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C49/01"]
[LongECO "C49/01 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Four Knights: Brentano"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.05.15"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.Nc3 Bb4 5.O-O O-O 6.Nd5 Be7
{Whether Rosenthal adopted this defense for the sake of
 variety, or because he was afraid of the attack by 7.d4 in
 answer to 6...Bc5, as played by Zukertort in the first game
 of the match, we cannot tell.  Appearances, however, would
 prejudice this retreat of the bishop, and its subsequent
 blocking up by 7...d6.  In reference to Blackburne's
 attack, of which we gave an abstract in the notes to the first
 game, both players have pointed out a strong line of play for
 White on the 9th move, which we omitted to notice in our
 necessary brief analysis, and, as we consider 6...Bc5, at
 this point, at any rate, better than the move in the text,
 we supplement our remarks on this subject with the
 following variations: 6...Bc5 7.d4 exd4 8.Bg5 Re8 9.Re1
 (This is the move proposed by Rosenthal and Zukertort for
 the attack, and is certainly difficult to meet ; but yet we
 think that the defense ought to obtain a satisfactory
 game.) 9...Ne5 (It would be bad to advance 9...d6, on
 account of the reply 10.Qd2, threatening to continue the
 attack either with 11.Qf4 or 11.b4.) 10.Nxe5 Rxe5 11.f4
 Rxg5 12.Nxf6+ (If 12.fxg5 at once, Black retreats 12...Ne8,
 threatening 13...c6.) 12...Qxf6 13.fxg5 Qxg5 14.e5 c6
 (Necessary; for, if 14...d5 at once, White takes en
 passant, followed by 16.d7 [threatening 17.Re8+], in case
 Black should attack 15...Bg4.) 15.Bd3 d5 16.exd6 Bg4, and
 the two extra pawns and Black's combined two bishops ought
 to prove fair consideration for the loss of the exchange.}
7.d3 d6 8.Ne3 
{Anderssen would never hesitate in a similar position to
 take 8.Bxc6, for he held that the cluster of Black's pawns
 on the queenside should ultimately prove a great
 disadvantage. In some variations of the Ruy Lopez, the
 defense against such a line of attack may fall back on the
 king fianchetto, followed by Bg2, with some prospects of a
 counter-attack ; but here, where the bishop is shut up at
 e7, Anderssen's favorite plan appears sound enough, and
 most feasible. The game might then have proceeded thus:
 8.Bxc6 bxc6 9.Ne3 c5 (If 9...Ne8 at once, White would reply
 10.d4.) 10.b3 Ne8 11.Bb2 f5 12.exf5 Bxf5 13.Nd2, with the
 better game.}
8...Nd4 9.Bc4 c6 10.c3 Nxf3+ 11.Qxf3 Be6 12.Bb3 Qd7 13.Qe2
{In preparation of a form of attack which does not turn out
 forcible. The whole aspect of the game, as now presented,
 would lead to the supposition that White should have been
 able to make, more of his position, even against best play,
 and the right process appears to us 13.h3, followed by
 14.g4, and 15.Nf5. This knight was then either fixed at a
 strong post, or if Black took with the bishop, White opened
 the g-file for the attack with his rooks. Not the least
 danger would arise to White in the pursuance of this plan
 from the opponent opening the d-file in the meanwhile,
 e.g.: 13.h3 d5 14.g4 dxe4 15.dxe4 Bxb3 16.axb3 Qd3 17.Rd1
 Qxe4 18.Qxe4, followed by 19.Rd7, with much the superior
 game.}
13...d5 14.exd5 cxd5 15.f4 exf4 16.Rxf4 Bd6 17.Rf1 Rfe8
{17...d4 looks strong, but nothing would have come of it if
 White first answered 18.Bxe6. If then 18...fxe6, the knight
 could retreat to c2; and if on the other hand 18...Qxe6,
 then it was quite safe to take the pawn, followed by Qf3,
 attacking the b-pawn. The move in the text prepares this
 attack.}
18.d4 
{The only move; for Black might also push the pawn with
 advantage in case White moved the queen out of the way; for
 instance, to f3. Still worse would have been 18.Qf2, e.g.:
 18.Qf2 d4 19.Bxe6 Rxe6 20.cxd4 Bxh2+, followed by 21...Rxe3
 should king take bishop.}
18...Qc7
{Not well judged, on several accounts. In the first place,
 this was the kind of position where the reservation of the
 plan of placing the queen before the bishop by 18...Bc7,
 and 19...Qd3 would have been more threatening than this
 reversal of the battle order, which will leave his d-pawn
 weak; in the next place, he had already sufficient
 advantage of position, which we believe could have been
 augmented by 18...Ne4. Evidently White could not have then
 taken the d-pawn on account of the ultimate ...Ng3; and if
 he answered 19.Qf3, then Black would withdraw 19...Bc7,
 with a good game; for if White's knight entered at f5, then
 the g-pawn might safely advance attacking it, as the check
 of the knight at h6 would only involve White into
 difficulties of ultimately extricating it, and Black's king
 would stand safe at g7.}
19.g3 Bh3 
{White throws away a fair game, and gives the opponent a
 strong attack, besides sufficient compensation in forces
 for the sacrifice of the exchange. He ought still to have
 moved 19...Ne4 to prevent the sacrifice; and if then White
 replied 20.Qg2 or 20.Qf3, he was bound to protect the
 d-pawn by 20...Qc6 with an even game.}
20.Rxf6
{He had nothing better, and this turned out good enough. He
 gains a compact surplus of two pawns on the queenside for
 the exchange, while Black's extra pawn on the kingside is
 doubled and isolated, and therefore counts for little.}
20...gxf6 {[?:??-1:00]} 21.Qh5 {[1:00-?:??]} 21...Be6
{The only move. 21...Qd7 was of no use, for White would
 capture the d-pawn with the bishop, and then retreat the
 bishop to f3, thus threatening to block out the adverse
 bishop by pawn to g4.}
22.Bxd5 f5 
{This additional sacrifice ot a pawn is quite untimely, and
 only helps the opponent's rapid development. The only move
 that gave him any prospect of equalising the game was
 22...Bf8, whereupon the game might have proceeded thus:
 22...Bf8 23.Be4 (We see no better way of continuing the
 attack; if 23.Nf5, then Black might take the bishop,
 followed by 24...Kh8, in answer to the knight checking; and
 then, if 25.Qxd5, the rook would check at e1, followed by
 26...Rxc1, and winning the knight, at the expense of an
 unimportant pawn.) 23...f5 24.Nxf5 f6, with a satisfactory
 game; for if the bishop attacks the queen the answer is
 25...Qd7, and White apparently cannot press the attack by
 other means, for instance, by 25.d5, which would lead to
 the following continuation: 25.d5 Bxf5 (best; for if
 25...Bf7, White wins by 26.Ne7+.) 26.Bxf5 Qc5+, and wins
 the d-pawn with a check in a few moves.}
23.Nxf5 Bxf5 24.Qxf5 Re1+ 25.Kf2 Rae8 
{Altogether overlooking the opponent's brilliant design.
 His only hope consisted in capturing the bishop, and then
 to make a fight with bishops of opposite colors; but no
 doubt with the exercise of common care White would have
 maintained a winning superiority even in that case.}
26. Bh6 
{A master stroke. After this Black's game becomes utterly
 hopeless.}
26...R8e2+ 27.Kf3 Bf8 28.Rxe1 Rxe1 29.Qg5+ Kh8 {[?:??-2:00]}
30.Bxf8 1-0

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.10"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Rosenthal,S."]
[Black "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "C77"]
[LongECO "C77/08 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Spanish: Morphy (Anderssen)"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.05.15"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.d3 d6 5.c3 a6 6.Ba4 g6 7.Nbd2
Bg7 8.Nf1 O-O 9.Ng3 b5 10.Bc2 d5 11.O-O h6 
{In order to prevent White releasing himself by Ng5, when
 the bishop is brought out to e3. Black could now exchange
 queens by 11...dxe4, but the opponent would have remained
 in first possession of the open file.}
12.Bd2 Be6 13.a4 
{We have given frequent illustrations of the importance of
 this move when the opponent's b-pawn is fixed at b5.  It
 prepares the eventual opening of the a-file at a convenient
 moment, and in the present game this process greatly
 augmented White's position at a later stage.}
13...Qd6 14.Qc1 Kh7 15.Nxe5 
{An ingenious surprise, so far has he had calculated upon
 recovering the piece, but we doubt whether he ought to have
 had the best of the final position, after equalising the
 forces.}
15...Nxe5 
{Of course he could not take with the queen, which would
 have been lost, in that case, by the reply 16.Bf4.}
16.d4 dxe4 
{Retreating the e-knight anywhere would have been
 unfavorable; for White, after advancing 17.e5 and capturing
 the f-knight, had in most cases, a prospective source of a
 strong attack by Nh5; yet, by the move in the text, he
 allows all White's pieces to obtain powerful positions for
 the ending game; and, on the other hand, we believe he
 might have retained the superiority by taking the e-pawn
 with the knight, this at once unmasking his confined
 g-bishop.  The game might then have proceeded thus:
 16...Nxe4 17.dxe5 (17.Nxe4 dxe4 18.dxe5 Qxe5 19.Bf4 Qd5
 20.Bxc7 Rac8 21.Ba5 {if 21.Bf5, the game might proceed
 thus: 21.Bf5 b4 22.cxb4 Qc4 23.Bd1 Qxb4 winning another
 pawn, with a fine game.} 21...f5, and we prefer Black's
 position, which at any rate, is much superior to the one he
 actually obtained.) 17...Nxg3 18.hxg3 (if he take the
 queen, Black checks with the knight at e2, and, after
 capturing the queen, he advances the c-pawn to c6 or c5,
 and the opponent's far-advanced d-pawn ought to fall soon
 by ...Rfd8 and ...Bf8.) 18...Qxe5 19.Bf4 Qe2 20.Bxc7 d4,
 with an excellent game, for White dare not capture the
 pawn on account of rook to c8, as the attack of the queen
 by Bd1 will be of no use, since Black may answer ...Qc4,
 winning at last the exchange.}
17.dxe5 Qxe5 18.Bf4 Qc5 19.Nxe4 Nxe4 20.Bxe4 Rad8
{[?:??-1:00]} 21.axb5
{See our note to White's 13th move.  The opening of the
 a-file becomes now most effective; and recognising his
 advantage for the ending with keen judgment, the French
 champion forces the exchange of queens next move.}
21...axb5 22.Qe3 Qxe3 
{The exchange could not be avoided, or else White would have
 increased his attack by Ra7.}
23.Bxe3 f5 24.Bc6 f4 25.Bc5 Rf5
{Zukertort develops powerful defensive resource, and makes
 the most of his extremely difficult game.}
26.Bb4 Rd2 27.Rfe1
{[1:00-?:??];
 27.Ra7 at once strikes us as much stronger.  Black's best
 reply was apparently 27...Be5, for he could not allow the
 c-pawn to be taken with the rook, as by best play White
 ought afterwards to succeed in doubling the rooks on the
 seventh rank after opening a square for the king by the
 advance of the h-pawn, or else in winning also the b-pawn.
 The following was then a probable continuation: 27.Ra7 Be5
 (if 27...Rf7, the answer is 28.Ba8) 28.Re1 Rxb2 29.h4, and
 should Black defend the b-pawn by 29...Bc4, he would lose
 through 30.Be4, followed accordingly by h5; or in case the
 rook moves to h5, the bishop attack again at f3, and
 ultimately at g4, with a winning game.}
27...Bd7 28.Bxd7 Rxd7 29.Ra7 Rfd5 30.h3 Be5 31.Rb7
{[2:00-?:??]} 31...Kg7
{An error which might have cost the game.  He should have
 brought the king round, via g8, although it would have
 taken him one move longer to reach the center.} 
32.b3 
{The winning move would have been 32.c4.  Rosenthal assumed
 Black would reply 32...bxc4, and though he saw that the
 rook might be sacrificed, he did not perceive the full
 effect of the beautiful line of play pointed out by
 Zukertort, and which goes on as follows: 32.c4 bc4 33.Rxe5
 Rxe5 34.Bc3 Kf6 35.Rb5 Rde7 36.g4.  The combination of this
 ingenious move with White's previous attack had been
 overlooked by Rosenthal.  Black dare not take en passant,
 on account of the winning answer 37.f4.  White's next move
 is Rc5, and then he brings up his king to f3, and while
 Black, after exhausting his pawn moves, can only play one
 rook backwards and forwards.  White will await the most
 favorable moment for recovering the exchange, and will also
 gain both isolated pawns on the c-file, remaining with a
 strong passed pawn, which ought ultimately to win.
 Rosenthal, on the other hand, pointed out that the defense
 which Zukertort admitted he had relied upon in lieu of
 32...bxc4, viz., 32...Rd1, would have proven
 unsatisfactory, owing to the following simple process:
 32.c4 Rd1 33.cxb5 Rxe1+ (if 33...Bxb2 at once then White
 takes the rook, and after moving king to h2, wins also by
 b6 and Ba5.) 34.Bxe1 Rd1 35.Kf1 Bxb2 36.Ke2, followed by
 b6, and Ba5, winning.} 
32...Kf6 33.Kf1 Kf5 34.c4 bxc4
{We think now that if the game had gone on White's
 far-advanced c-pawn (after 35.bxc4), which was not capable
 of much support, might have proved a source of trouble.
 Black could have now first exchanged one rook by ...Rd1,
 followed by ...Rd4 and ...Ke4.}
1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.12"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Black "Rosenthal,S."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "C67"]
[LongECO "C67/02 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Spanish: Open Berlin (Rosenthal)"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.05.15"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.O-O Nxe4 5.d4 a6
{This move is rarely adopted at this stage; the usual move
 here is 5...Be7.}
6.Bd3 d5 7.c4 
{A new line of attack which appears very effective.  The
 German Handbuch gives here the following continuation:
 7.Nxe5 Nxd4 8.Re1 Be6 9.c3 Nc6 10.Nxc6 bxc6 11.Qa4 Qd7
 12.Bxe4 dxe4 13.Qxe4, with an even game.}
7...Bg4 
{7...Be6 would equalise the game at once; but Black was
 apparently in hopes of retaining the pawn.}
8.cxd5 Qxd5 9.Re1 Nf6 
{It would have been dangerous to try to defend the knight by
 9...f5, e.g., 9...f5 10.h3 Bh5 (If 10...Bxf3 the pawn
 retakes, and Black may then get three pawns for the piece,
 commencing with 11...Nxf2; but as the majority of pawns is
 not compact but separated on the two wings, it would be
 dangerous to pursue such a speculation in a match game.)
 11.g4 Bg6 12.gxf5 Bxf5 13.Bxe4 Bxe4 14.Nc3 Bxf3 (best)
 15.Nxd5 Bxd1 16.Nxc7+, and the knight afterwards escapes at
 b6.}
10.Nc3 Qd7 11.Nxe5 Nxe5 
{If 11...Bxd1, White would have maintained the advantage by
 12.Nxd7+ (not 12.Nxc6+, on account of the reply 12...Qe6),
 followed by Bf5+, before taking the bishop.}
12.Rxe5+ Be7 13.Qe1 
{Here we think that White would have done better to
 interpose the bishop at e2.  The game might then have
 proceeded thus: 13.Be2 O-O (If 13...Bxe2, the queen
 retakes, and Black will never be able to castle.  The
 bishop cannot well retreat, for, if 13...Bf5, White pursues
 by 14.g4, 15.g5, and 16.Bg4, and, if 14...Be6, the d-pawn
 will obviously attack him again.) 14.Bg5 (It would be bad
 play to take the bishop with bishop, followed by 15.Rxe7,
 for the queen dare not afterwards capture the knight, a
 mate being threatened with the queen at e1.) 14...Bf5
 15.Bf3 c6 16.d5, with much the superior game; for, if
 16...cxd5, the knight takes, and, if Black replies
 17...Nxd5, he loses a piece by the answer 18.Rxd5, followed
 by 19.Bxe7.}
13...Be6 14.d5 
{The attack which follows after this sacrifice is harassing,
 but not strong enough to secure victory.}
14...Nxd5 15.Nxd5 Bxd5 16.Bf5 Be6 {[?:??-1:00]} 17.Bg5 
{Black's defense was very clever, and White could not now
 press the attack by 17.Bxe6, for Black would have taken
 with the pawn, and then coolly castled on the queenside in
 answer to 18.Rxe6, for the rook could not take the bishop,
 as the queen could simply take the rook.  The move in the
 text is an ingenious but futile attempt at forcing the game
 by a violent and puzzling attack.}
17...Bxg5 18.Rd1 Qe7 
{Good, though curious, for he secures now an even game by
 castling, as White must recover the piece by 19.Bxe6.  But
 we think it would have been worth trying to remain with a
 pawn ahead by 18...Qa4; e.g.: 18...Qa4 19.Bxe6 fxe6 20.Rxg5
 (If 20.Rxe6+, the king may move to f8; and it does not much
 matter that the h-rook remains confined for some time, as
 the latter can relieve himself soon by ...h5 and ...Rh6.)
 20...O-O 21.Qxe6+ Kh8, with a pawn ahead, and the superior
 game; for, if White now play 22.Rd7, the answer would be
 22...Qc2; or, if 22.b3, the queen may capture the a-pawn,
 threatening ...Qxf2+.}
19.Bxe6 O-O 20.Bb3
{[1:00-?:??];
 He could have won the queen here, but at too great cost,
 e.g.: 20.Rd7 Qf6 21.Rxf7 Rxf7 22.Rf5 Qxf5 23.Bxf5 Rxf5
 24.Qe6+ Rf7, with three pieces for the queen, and a winning
 game.}
20...Qf6 21.Rd7 Kh8 
{He sees it, and all prospects of winning vanishes for
 White, who had threatened 22.Rxf7, winning the queen; for,
 if 23...Rxf7, the other rook checks at e8.}
22.g3 Qc6 23.Rxf7 Rxf7 24.Bxf7 Qc1 1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.14"]
[Round "6"]
[White "Rosenthal,S."]
[Black "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "C67"]
[LongECO "C67/02 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Spanish: Open Berlin"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.05.22"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.O-O Nxe4 5.d4 Be7 6.Re1 Nd6
7.Bxc6 dxc6 8.dxe5 Nf5 9.Qxd8+ 
{The usual move is here 9.Qe2.  As regards the general
 merits of this innovation, see our introductory comments.}
9...Bxd8 10.Nc3 h6 
{Good play.  He wishes to preserve his two bishops, and to
 prevent Ng5 in case he brings out his bishop to e6.  It may
 be observed that he had nothing to fear now or before from
 the opponent endeavoring to exchange by Bg5, for he might
 well answer ...Nd4, threatening to double the adverse
 f-pawn by ...Nxf3+.}
11.Ne4 b6 12.h3 c5 13.c3 Be6 14.Bf4 Ne7 15.b3 Nc6
{Up to the present Black's plan of development and the
 battle order of his pawns are very well devised; but this
 we consider a loss of time, and we hold 15...Nd5 superior.
 The following was then a likely continuation: 15...Nd5
 16.Bd2 (Which seems best.  We see no use for the bishop on
 any other square) 16...a5 17.c4 Nb4 18.Bxb4 axb4, and, we
 think that Black has a very fair game in spite of the two
 doubled pawns, owing to his being enabled to form an attack
 against the adverse a-pawn with both rooks.  His best plan
 of getting his king into good position for that object
 would be to bring him out at once to d7 and then to c6, in
 order to prepare the eventual advance of the b-pawn.
 Should White try to prevent this by 19.Red1, the game might
 further proceed thus: 19.Red1 Be7 20.Rd2 b5, and if
 21.cxb5, Black answers 21...Bxb3 with the better game,
 otherwise he will exchange pawns, followed by ...Ra3, also
 with superior position.}
16.Rad1 Be7 17.c4 O-O 18.Nc3 Rfd8 19.Nb5 
{19.Nd5 was tempting but not good; e.g.: 19.Nd5 Bxd5 20.cxd5
 Nb4 21.d6 cxd6 22.exd6 Bf6 23.d7 Nc2, followed by 24...Nd4
 if the adverse e-rook moves.  Should White now play 24.Bc7,
 then Black takes the rook with the knight, whereupon the
 knight must retake, and then the bishop interposes at d4,
 winning the pawn.}
19...Rxd1 {[?:??-1:00]} 20.Rxd1 Bd8 
{This ill-considered retreat appears to us the root of all
 subsequent difficulties. We see not the least objection to
 20...Rd8.  White could not then escape exchanging rooks,
 for, if he removed the rook from the open file, Black would
 mostly answer 21...Rd7, and would soon obtain the better
 game.  After the exchange of rooks Black would reach the
 queenside with his king in a few moves, or attack the
 knight and release the bishop for action viá e7.  White, on
 the other hand, could not pursue the plan of fixing the
 knight at d5 without exposing his far-advanced pawns, e.g.:
 20...Rd8 21.Rxd8+ Bxd8 22.Nc3 Kf8 23.a3 (This seems a
 necessary preliminary to Nd5, in order to prevent Black's
 entrance with the knight at b4 after exchanging.) 23...Ke8
 24.Nd5 Bxd5 25.cxd5 Ne7 26.d6 Nd5 (We consider this better
 than exchanging pawns first, for it compels the retreat of
 the adverse bishop on the kingside, as he is bound to keep
 the e-pawn supported.) 27.Bg3 Kd7 (And we prefer Black's
 game, for White will be ultimately compelled to exchange
 pawns, which brings the bishop at once into a good
 position.  In the meanwhile the surprise by 28.e6+, ought
 not to succeed by correct play for Black could answer
 28...fxe6, and then safely capture the other pawn with the
 king in reply to 29.Ne5+.}
21.Nc3 Ne7 22.g4 c6 
{On no account should we have done this now, if at all.  It
 was so manifestly dangerous to allow the adverse knight the
 strong post at d6, which he could reach in two moves, via
 e4, as to make it absolutely imperative to postpone such a
 move as long as possible.  Nor do we see any immediate
 necessity for it; as we think the king ought to have moved
 at once to f8.  If the adverse c-knight then entered at d5,
 Black gained at any rate an important move by ...c6; and,
 in answer to most other movements of the hostile c-knight.
 White could gain time by the counter threat of a4, with the
 view of breaking through by a5.}
23.Ne4 Bc7 24.Bg3 {[1:00-?:??]} 24...Ng6 25.Rd2 
{A waiting move apparently, but one which we believe loses
time.  25.Kg2 or 25.Ne1, had much more meaning.}
25...Kf8 26.Kg2 Re8 27.Nd6 Rd8 
{Best.  White would have soon obtained a winning superiority
 if he had taken the knight, e.g.: 27...Bxd6 28.Rxd6 b5
 29.Nd2 bxc4 30.bxc4 Rb8 31.f4 Rb2 32.Kf3, with a winning
 game.}
28.Ne1 b5 
{This looked plausible enough, and, to all appearance, it
 was a fair attempt at releasing his confined position; but
 in reality it led to a lost game, on account of the
 isolation of the c-pawn.  28...f6 was probably the best
 resource here, for White could not afford to protect with
 the f-pawn without weakening his centre pawn by allowing it
 to be isolated.  If, on the other hand, he exchanged pawns
 first, then Black had certainly somewhat the inferior
 position, on account of his separated and isolated pawns on
 the kingside; but then there was no immediate danger, as
 the king was handy enough to support them.  At any rate,
 White could not institute a very effective attack at once.
 Supposing 28...f6 29.exf6 gxf6 30.Nf3 (If 30.Re2, the
 answer is 30...Bxg4) 30...Ke7 31.Nf5+ (He will hardly
 obtain any advantage by 31.Ne4, and the move we suggest
 seems to require greater nicety of play on the part of the
 defense.) 31...Bxf5 32.Rxd8 Bxd8 (The only move.  32...Kxd8
 33.Bxc7+ Kxc7 34.gxf5 Ne7 [This seems best if the knight
 move elsewhere; then White withdraws the knight to h2,
 threatening Ng4, and should the h-pawn advance, then White
 would win the same with a few moves of his king.] 35.Nh4
 Kd6 36.Kf3, and Black dare not reply 36...Ke5, e.g.:
 36...Ke5 37.Ng6+ Kd6 [Best; Black would lose immediately
 if he exchanges, for the pawn retakes, and then White moves
 Kg4 in reply to Black's best defense, ...Ke6.] 38.Kg4, and
 he ought to win the h-pawn soon, which would decide the
 game in his favor.) 33.gxf5 Nh8, and, in case of danger,
 the h-pawn may be protected by ...Nf7.  The a-pawn is also
 safe now, for if White play 34.Bb8, the answer will be
 34...Kd7, threatening to block out the bishop by ...Kc7 in
 case he takes the pawn.}
29.Nd3 
{The correct rejoinder; Rosenthal plays this part with
 nicety and marked precision.}
29...bxc4 30.bxc4 Bxd6 
{Zukertort pointed out that 30...Nxe5 at this juncture,
 would have given him some chance of a draw, for it was by
 no means easy for White to win in that case, e.g.:
 30...Nxe5 31.Nxe5 Rxd6 (Best, if 31...Bxd6, White wins by
 32.Nxc6) 32.Ng6+ fxg6 33.Bxd6+ Bxd6 34.Rxd6 Bxc4 35.Rd2
 (Best; if 35.Rxg6 then Black checks with the bishop at d5,
 and afterwards attacks the rook alternately by ...Kf7 and
 ...Ke7) 35...Bd5+ 36.Kf1 Ke7, and it would be extremely
 difficult to point out a sure win for White, though no
 doubt he has the better chance of victory, and a certain
 draw at any time.  The move in the text was the only other
 alternative, for if 30...Bb6, White would obviously obtain
 a winning superiority in a few moves by 31.f4.}
31.exd6 Bxc4 32.Nxc5 {[2:00-?:??]} 32...f6 {[?:??-2:00]}
33.Nb7 Rd7 34.Nc5 Rd8 35.d7 Bd5+ 36.f3 Ne5 37.Bxe5 fxe5
38.Re2 Kf7
{Had the king moved to e7, then White would take the e-pawn
 checking, followed by 40.Re8 in answer to 39...Kd6.  He
 could then exchange rooks, and, after moving the a-pawn to
 a3, he would win easily, as the adverse king remained
 fixed, and the hostile bishop could never approach the
 strong pawn at d7.}
39.Rxe5 
{Stronger than the tempting 39.Nd3, for Black would then
 reply - first 39...Kf6, followed by 40...B-K3, in answer to
 40.Nxe5.}
39...Bxa2 40.f4 g6 41.f5 
{Good enough.  But it was also a sure way of winning to
 bring the king round to the queenside, via f2 and e1, but
 not by way of e3, as he was bound to reserve this square
 for the rook, in case the adverse a-pawn advanced up to
 a4.  The White king then threatened to come up at last to
 c7, after picking up the pawn on the road; and Black had no
 defense to stop this, for even if he sacrificed the a-pawn
 in order to be enabled to attack the d-pawn by ...Be6,
 White could defend by Rd3, and the hostile king could not
 come nigh at e7, on account of the winning reply Re3
 pinning the bishop.}
41...gxf5 42.gxf5 Bb1 
{In anticipation of White's plan of attack, and a lucky
 guess.}
43.f6 
{A gross error.  He had nothing to do but to bring up his
 king to f4 in support of the f-pawn, winning became only a
 question of time.  According to the line occupied by
 Black's bishop, he could then force the game either by Re6,
 or pawn to f6.}
43...Bg6 
{An excellent rejoinder.  Of course, he could not take at
 once, or White would win by 44.Re8; but this preparation
 enables him to take it next time.}
44.Kf3 Kxf6 45.Kf4
{[3:00-?:??];
 White could here win a piece by the following process:
 45.Re6+ K-moves 46.Rg6 Kxg6 47.Ne6 Rd7 48.Nf8+ Kf5 49.Nxd7;
 but by cautious play Black ought to have little difficulty
 in securing a draw by the help of his pawns on the
 queenside.}
45...Bf7 46.Rf5+ Ke7 47.Re5+ Kf6 48.Rf5+ Ke7 49.Re5+ Kf6
50.Rf5+ Ke7 51.Re5+ 
{One of the conditions of the match provides that, after
 three repetitions of the same move or line of play, the
 repetition moves do not count any more in the time
 allowance for the player who first initiates the
 repetition; and, after six such moves, the game may be
 claimed as a draw by the opponent.  This rule is framed in
 order to prevent any player gaining undue time in
 situations in which a certain line of play can be forced
 upon the adversary.  It will be observed that Rosenthal
 alters his course just after the third repetition of a
 series of two different moves.}
51...Kf6 52.h4 a5 53.Re4 h5 
{All this is played with great foresight.  The effect of
 this fine move will be seen afterwards.}
54.Re1 a4 {[?:??-3:00]} 55.Re3 a3 56.Rxa3 Be6 57.Rd3 Bg4
{See our previous note.  Without the bishop being able to
 fix himself on this square, Black could not save the game
 now, for the bishop could nowhere else command the line on
 which he attacked the adverse pawn, and enabled his own
 king to come near at e7.  He could not at once move
 57...Ke7, on account of the rejoinder 58.Re3, and if
 57...Bf5, he would lose thus: 57...Bf5 58.Rd6+ Ke7 59.Rh6
 Bxd7 60.Rh7+ Ke8 61.Nb7 Rc8 (Best, or else a whole rook is
 lost by 62.Rh8+.) 62.Nd6+, winning the exchange and the
 h-pawn, which ought to secure an easy victory.}
58.Rd4 Kf7 59.Kg5 Rg8+ 60.Kf4 Rd8 61.Rd6 Ke7 62.Rxc6
{Had he now attempted 62.Rh6, the game might have proceeded
 thus: 62.Rh6 Rf8+ 63.Ke3 (Best; if 63.Ke5, Black checks
 with the rook at f5, and then again at d5, and afterwards
 wins the pawn safely.) 63...Kd8 64.Rh7 Kc7, followed by
 ...Rd8 and then taking the pawn with the bishop.}
62...Bxd7 63.Rh6 Rf8+ 1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.19"]
[Round "7"]
[White "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Black "Rosenthal,S."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "C65"]
[LongECO "C65/01 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Spanish: Berlin (Nyholm)"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.05.22"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.d4 exd4 5.O-O Be7 6.e5 Ne4
7.Nxd4 O-O
{It is evident he could not take the e-pawn on account of
 the reply 8.Re1.}
8.Re1 
{See our introductory remarks. 8.Nf5 seeems to us a more
 feasible way of continuing the attack, but we do not think
 it would lead to more than an even position, e.g., 8.Nf5 d5
 9.Nxe7+ Nxe7 10.f3 c6 followed by 11...Qb8+.}
8...Nxd4 
{We believe that Black might have ventured on the sacrifice
 of the knight, for which he would have obtained sufficient
 attack, e.g., 8...Nxf2 9.Kxf2 (If 9.Nxc6 Black may retake
 with the d-pawn, and he will retain the pawn.) 9...Bc5
 10.c3 [or 10.Bxc6 Qh4+ 11.Kf1 (If 11.Ke3, then follows
 11...Bxd4+; and if 11.Ke2, then Black takes the bishop with
 the d-pawn, threatening ...Bg4+, with greatest effect; and
 should White then attempt 12.Be3, then follows 12...Rd8,
 recovering the piece, for White must guard against ...Bg4+,
 winning the queen.) 11...Bxd4 12.g3 (If 12.Qd2, then Black
 takes the bishop with the b-pawn, threatening ...Ba6+.)
 12...Qxh2 13.Qxd4 dxc6 14.g4 f5 15.g5 (Best) 16...f4 15.e6
 (Best) 16...Qh3+, followed by 17...Bxe6, remaining with
 three pawns for the piece and a strong attack.  Besides
 that, White's g-pawn should also fall soon.  We cannot
 possibly enter into a more exhaustive analysis, and give
 the above variations only as example; but we feel satisfied
 of the strength of Black's postion.] 10...Qh4+ 11.Kg1 Nxd4
 12.cxd4 Bxd4+ 13.Kh1 Bf2 14.Re3 (Best; if 14.Re2, Black
 answers 14...Bg3 followed by 15...d5, which threatens
 ...Bg4.) 14...Be3 15.Bxe3 Re8 16.Qd4 (If 16.B-d4, Black
 goes on in the same way by ...c6 and ...d6.) 16...Qxd4
 17.Bxd4 c6 18.Bd3 (It will avail him nothing to retreat the
 bishop to f1, for Black will also answer 18...d6, and if
 19.exd6, the rook attacks at e1.) 18...d6, and either Black
 wins a third pawn for the exchange, or if 19.exd6, the rook
 checks at e1 and White's pieces remain confined while Black
 will gain the d-pawn by ...Be6 and ...Rd8, remaining with
 two pawns for the exchange and a very fine game.}
9.Qxd4 d5 10.exd6 
{Inconvenient as this is, it was his best.  To allow the
 opponent four pawns against three on the queenside, while
 his fixed e-pawn at e5 could at any time be exchanged by
 ...f6, thus opening the adverse f-file for the rook, would
 have been still worse.}
10...Nxd6 11.Bd3 
{Inch by inch he is driven back.  He would have lost a clear
 pawn had he brought out the knight to c3, thus: 11.Nc3 Bf6
 12.Qd3 (Best) 12...Bf5 13.Qe2 Bxc2 14.Qxc2 Bxc3, etc.}
11...Bf6 12.Qb4 Re8 13.Qd2 Rxe1+ 
{Though this has the effect of releasing the bishop, we
 cannot suggest anything better, and Black certainly
 obtained a strong advantage after the exchange.}
14.Qxe1 Bf5 15.Bxf5 
{It was dangerous to allow the d-pawn to be isolated by
 bringing out the knight, e.g., 15.Nc3 Bxd3 16.cxd3 Nf5
 17.Qf1 (This seems to be the best retreat for the queen)
 17...Bxc3 18.bxc3 Qd5, with the superior game.}
15...Nxf5 16.c3 
{No choice.  He was bound to guard against ...Nd4, and to
 postpone his development in consequence.  If he brouught
 out the knight to c3, then the bishop would take, creating
 an ugly doubled pawn, and if 16.Nd2, then followed
 16...Nd4, which made 17.Qd1 compulsory; Black could
 afterwards play ...Qd7, and ...Re8, with a fine develpment,
 and by retreating the knight to c6 when attacked by the
 pawn, he could again shut in all the white pieces.}
16...Qd7 17.Nd2 Re8 18. Qf1 Nh4
{[?:??-1:00];
 A fine move, which not alone prevents the adverse knight
 from gaining a convient post at f3, but also other ample
 attacking purposes, as will be seen.}
19.Nc4 {[1:00-?:??]} 19...Nxg2 
{We give a diagram of this position.  By this sacrifice
 Black throws away a very good prospect of winning the game.
 The correct move was 19...b5, as pointed out by Zukertort.
 White then had nothing better than to retreat the knight to
 e3, otherwise Black would sacrifce the knight for the
 g-pawn with much greater force.  White's bishop remained in
 that case shut up, and Black had certainly the much
 superior game.}
20.Kxg2 Qg4+ 21.Kh1 Qf3+ 22.Kg1 
{The same two moves were repeated twice more, and then the
 game was abandoned as drawn. He could not afford to
 continue the attack by 22...Re4, for White would
 consolidate his forces by 23.Ne3, followed by 24.Ng2, and
 would win.  But it was not easy to draw if he now played
 22...Re2, threatening to win the knight by ...Qg4+.  If
 White defended by 23.Ne3, the winning answer was 23...Bh4.
 Again, if he retreated 23.Nd2, the game might have
 proceeded thus: 22...Re2 23.Nd2 Qg4+ 24.Kh1 (Best; if the
 queen interposes mate follows in three moves by 24...Re1+;
 25...Rxf1+; and 26...Qd1#.) 24...Be5 (Threatening ...Qh4)
 25.f4 Rxh2+ 26.Kxh2 Bxf4+, and White must sacrifice the
 queen; for if 27.Kh1, then follows 27...Qh4+, 28...Qg3+,
 and 29...Qh2#.  But the only move to draw in answer to
 22.Re2, is, as pointed out by Zukertort, 22...Bf4.  If
 Black then checks with the queen at g4, then White is
 compelled again to move the king; but White then threatens
 either 25.Bg3, or 25.Ne3, or 25.f3, according to
 circumstances, and Black has therefore no time to regain
 the piece, and must therefore draw by perpetual check.}
22...Qg4+ 23.Kh1 Qf3+ 24.Kg1 Qg4+ 25.Kh1 Qf3+ 26.Kg1 1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.21"]
[Round "8"]
[White "Rosenthal,S."]
[Black "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C67"]
[LongECO "C67/02 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Spanish: Open Berlin"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.05.29"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.O-O Nxe4 5.d4 Be7 6.Re1 Nd6
7.Bxc6 dxc6 8.dxe5 Nf5 9.Qxd8+ Bxd8 10.Nc3 c5 11.Bf4 O-O
12.Rad1 b6 13.h3 h6 14.Nd5 Be6 15.b3 c6 16.Nc3 
{See our remarks above respecting the conduct of the opening
 on White's part.}
16...c4 17.g4 Nh4 18.Nxh4 Bxh4 19.Kg2 cxb3 20.axb3 Be7
21.Ne4 Rfd8
{This appears to us an unnecessary delay in the advance of
 the a-pawn.  The opponent could make no use with his rook
 on the open d-file.}
22.f3 {[1:00-?:??]} 22...c5 23.Nd6 a5 24.Ne4 c4 25.bxc4 Bxc4
26.Rxd8+ Bxd8 27.Nd6 Be6 {[?:??-1:00]} 28.Be3 a4 29.c4 a3
30.f4
{If anything can be made of this present opening, it is
 surely not the way to waste so many moves.  There ought to
 be some means of advancing this pawn to his present post,
 where he seems to be necessary, in a quicker manner.}
30...a2 31.Ra1 Ra3 32.Kf3 
{This gets him into trouble.  32.Kf2 was the proper move,
 and would most probably have led to an even position in a
 few moves; e.g.: 32.Kf2 Kf8 (If 32...Ra5, White pushes at
 once the pawn to c5, and, after gaining the a-pawn for the
 c-pawn, he gets the best of the game, either by Ra8 or
 Ra7.) 33.f5 Bd7 34.Ke2 Bc7 (If 34...Ba4, White goes nearer
 with his king to d2, and may afterwards even run into
 discovered check by Kc3, without sustaining loss.) 35.Bd4,
 and he will soon gain the a-pawn, either by Ne4-c3, or else
 by Bb2, and eventually bringing the king up.  Should Black
 now take the h-pawn White may obviously take the a-pawn,
 for he may cover with the bishop in answer to Rh2+.}
32...h5 
{An excellent move, which effectually prevents White from
 dislodging the bishop by 33.f5, and gives him otherwise
 good chances of obtaining the superiority.}
33.gxh5
{[2:00-?:??];
 Had he advanced the pawn to f5, the game might have
 proceeded thus: 33.f5 Bg5 34.fxe6 Bxe3 35.exf7+ Kf8 36.Ke4
 (If 36.Nb5, then the bishop withdraws nevertheless to d4,
 checking, and after taking the rook and moving the bishop,
 must win the knight at least) 36...Bc1, and ought to win.
 Had White tried, in lieu of the text move, 33.Ke4, he would
 have also come out with the worst of the position, e.g.:
 33.Ke4 hxg4 34.f5 Bd7 (It would not be sound to sacrifice
 the bishop by taking the h-pawn with the pawn; for White,
 after the capture, would ultimately obtain a strong
 defensive move in Bd4.) 35.hxg4 Ba4 36.Nb5 Bc2+ 37.Kf3
 (Best) 37...Ra4 38.Nc3 Rxc4 39.Rxa2 (Best; 39.Nxa2 would
 lose sooner on account of the reply 39...Ra4.) 39...Rxc3
 40.Ra8 Rd3 41.Ke2 Kh7 42.Rc8 Bb1, and, if White now play
 43.Rc1, the winning answer is 43...Rxe3+.}
33...Bxh3 34.Nb5 Ra4 35.Nc3 Rxc4 36.Nxa2 b5 37.Kg3
{This very weak move strongly compromises his position.  He
 ought to have opposed the rook at once, and he had then a
 good chance of drawing, e.g.: 37.Rc1 Rxc1 (Or, if 37...Be6,
 then White exchanges rooks, followed accordingly by Nb4 or
 Nc3) 38.Bxc1 Ba5 39.Ba3 Be6 40.Bb4, etc.}
37...Be6 38.Rc1 Ba5 
{A beautiful move.  White remains now confined with his
 pieces, while Black's b-pawn is well supported for the
 advance.}
39.Kf2 b4 40.Rxc4 Bxc4 41.Nc1 b3 42.Bd4 Bd2
{All this is in good style.}
43.Ne2 Bxe2 44.Kxe2 Bxf4 45.Kd3 
{This throws away all chances of drawing. (See diagram).
 There was a great deal of fight left if he had now
 retreated the bishop to b2.  The game might have then
 proceeded thus: 45.Bb2 Kh7 46.Kd3 Kh6 47.Kc4 Bg5 (If
 47...Kxh5, or 47...Kg5, White draws by 48.e6.) 48.Kxb3 Be7
 49.Kc4 Bf8 50.Kd5 Kxh5 51.e6, and ought to draw.}
45...Bc1 46.Kc3 b2 47.Kc2 {[3:00-?:??]} 47...Kh7 48.Bc5 Kh6
49.Bf8 Bf4 50.e6
{It avails him little, but he had no other chance of
 prolonging the fight, and, therefore, justly endeavors to
 separate the pawns.}
50...fxe6 51.Kxb2 Be5+ 52.Kc2 Kxh5 53.Kd3 g5 54.Ke4 Bf6
{[?:??-2:00]} 55.Kf3 Kh4 56.Bc5 Kh3 57.Bb6 g4+ 58.Kf4 Bc3
59.Bf2 e5+ 60.Kf5 g3
{For, unless the bishop is sacrificed at once for the pawn,
 he is caught next move by 61...Bd4, and there is no further
 hope.}
0-1

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.24"]
[Round "9"]
[White "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Black "Rosenthal,S."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "D06"]
[LongECO "D06/01 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Queen's Gambit: Grau"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.05.29"]
1.e3 d5 2.d4 Bf5 
{Contrary to general practice, Black develops his c8-bishop
 on the kingside, and thus leaves some weakness on the other
 wing.  It will be seen that he is later on, at the trouble
 of maneuvering this bishop back again; and though we doubt
 whether the retreat was compulsory at the time, at any rate
 Rosenthal's view of such necessity would support the
 expediency of the policy adopted by most practitioners, who
 imitate White's example, and shut the bishop by pawn to e6,
 reserving its use for the queenside.}
3.Nf3 e6 4.Be2 Bd6 5.O-O Nd7 6.c4 c6 7.Nc3 Ngf6 8.Nd2
{Liberties of that sort may be taken with the rules of
 development in the close game.  Yet 8.Ne1 presents a better
 appearance on general grounds, and especially it would more
 effectively meet Black's counter plan of 8...Ne4.  In that
 case White might capture the knight, followed by 10.f3,
 having not even a draw by perpetual check to fear from the
 reply 10...Qh4, as, after 11.g3, the knight may ultimately
 interpose at g2 should the adverse bishop be sacrificed.}
8...Ne4 
{An original and ingenious method of dealing with the close
 game.  It sets the ordinary notions of pawn placement at
 defiance; and, at all events the progress of the present
 game would go to show that he runs not much risk in this
 deviation from commonly accepted principles.}
9.Ncxe4 
{Proper.  Now let us understand that for the attack on the
 queenside, at which he evidently and judiciously aimed, the
 capture with the d2-knight was apparently more promising.
 But the kingside was then bare, and Black threatened to
 compel the advance of the g-pawn by ...Qh4, and then, after
 retreating the queen, the march of the h-pawn to h5 and h4
 menaced a breach of the peace.  We assume another
 alternative, and he fares no better, e.g., 9.Ndxe4 dxe4
 10.f4 (to make 10...Qh4 useless) 10...g5 11.fxg5 Qxg5
 12.Rf2 Qh4 13.g3 Rg8 14.Bf1 Qh6 15.Bg2 Nf6, threatening
 ...Ng4, with an excellent game.}
9...dxe4 10.Re1 
{White also shows the master.  The kingside is now perfectly
 safe, for he will not be under the necessity of touching
 any of the pawns in that quarter as the retreat of the
 knight to f1 will cover any danger.}
10...O-O 11.a3 
{If he intended to advance pawn to b4, and then to leave the
 latter pawn and also the c-pawn abreast until he could do
 better, then this was quite right.  But he denies the
 utility of this preparation only two moves later on, and
 consequently we may describe this as a loss of time,
 compared with 11.c5 at once followed by 12.b4.}
11...Bg6 12.b4 f5 13.c5 Bc7 14.Bc4 Qe7 15.Qb3 Bf7 16.a4 
{Contradictory to move 11.  Had he pursued the above plan,
 he would have taken time by the forelock.}
16...Nf6 17.Nf1 
{Query, was it necessary to make room for bishop to d2; or
 could that bishop be better employed at a3.  In the latter
 case the retreat of the knight was clear waste.} 
17...Nd5 18.b5 a6 {[?:??-1:00]} 19.Bd2 Be8 
{We cannot defend this defense.  It was a proper occasion
 for an attack by 19...e5, not with the object of taking,
 but of leaving it alone until the advantage was properly
 nursed.  We take it for granted that White could not
 capture the center e5-pawn, or else his c-pawn lost, and
 the other to follow.  If he left all in statu quo, then
 Black would press still more with ...Qf6 and ...Rfd8.}
20.bxa6 
{Quite unripe.  Now he had, undoubtedly, the best of the
 struggle for position by 20.Reb1.  If Black tried to get
 relief by opening with either the 20...axb5 or 20...cxb5
 then first possession of the open file for the rook was
 insured by retaking with the pawn, and also the adverse
 b-pawn was isolated for the ending.  All he had to avoid
 was (assuming that 20...cxb5) the trap of 21.Bxd5,
 22.Qxd5+, and 23.Qxb7, on account of the ultimate
 23...Bxh2+, winning the queen.  Otherwise, he could always
 maintain the superiority.}
20...bxa6 21.a5 Bd7 22.Reb1 {[1:00-?:??]} 22...Rfb8 23.Qd1 
{Zukertort informs us that he though of afterwards giving up
 the exchange by fixing his rook at b6, but subsequently
 found it impracticable.  We believe that the plan was
 feasible, if he had now moved 23.Qa4.  After the sacrifice
 (which, of course, could only be followed up by retaking
 with the a-pawn on b6), he could bring his knight round,
 removing his d2-bishop first, via d2 and b3, into the
 formidable post of a5.  He stood then a fair chance of
 winning, without incurring any danger at either wing.
 The two adverse rooks were then helplessly blocked up, and
 the play of White's minor pieces had much more scope for
 action.}
23...Qd8 24.Rxb8 Qxb8 25.Rb1 Qd8 26.Qa4 Qc8 27.Ng3 Rb8
28.Rxb8 Bxb8 29.Qb3 Bc7 30.Ne2 Qa8 31.f4 Bc8 32.Ng3 Qb7
33.Qxb7 Bxb7 34.Nh1 Kf7 35.Nf2 g6 36.Nd1 Bd8 37.Nb2 Bc7
38.Kf2 Bd8 39.Be2 Bc7 40.Nc4 Ke7 41.Bd1 Bb8 {[?:??-2:00]}
42.Ba4 Bc7 43.Ke2
{The plan of 43.Kg3 could be frustrated by the answer
 43...g5.}
43...Bb8 44.Be1 Bc7 45.Kd2 Kd7 
{The sacrifice of the knight for three pawns, commencing
 with 45...Nxf4, was unsound, as the bishop would ultimately
 by shut out by pawn to g3.}
46.Bh4 Bb8 47.Bg5 
{The dulness of the maneuvering against the adverse
 barricaded position receives now some interest by
 presenting the real danger of his entering at g7, via h6,
 with the view of gaining the fine post at e5. See diagram.}
47...Ke8 
{The only move.  He recognises the opponent's design, and
 prepares for ...Kf7, should White attempt Bh6.}
48.Bd1 {[2:00-?:??]} 48...Bc7 49.g4 Kf7 50.Nb6 Bxb6 
{Apparently bold, but well calculated.  White's two bishops
 cannot act for aggressive purposes.}
51.cxb6
{It was of no more use to take with the a-pawn, for Black
 could always find means of bringing his knight to b8 in
 case any danger arose for his own a-pawn.}
51...Ke8 52.h3 Kd7 53.Bh4 Kd6 54.Bb3 Kd7 55.Bxd5 cxd5 56.Kc3
Kc6 57.Kb4 Bc8 1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.27"]
[Round "10"]
[White "Rosenthal,S."]
[Black "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C77"]
[LongECO "C77/08 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Spanish: Morphy (Anderssen)"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.05.29"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.d3 d6 5.c3 a6 6.Ba4 g6 7.d4 b5
8.Bb3
{In the fourth match game he played 8.Bc2.  This is more
 immediately aggressive.}
8...Bg7 
{An extraordinary blunder to make at such an early stage.
 He loses now a clear pawn, and must besides submit to the
 exchange of queens.  Of course, he ought to have taken the
 d-pawn first with the e-pawn.}
9.dxe5 Nxe5 
{Nor did he make the best choice in accepting the loss.  It
 was clearly better to take with the pawn, e.g., 9...dxe5
 10.Qxd8+ Nxd8 11.Nxe5 Nxe4 12.Nxf7 (if 12.Bd5, Black
 answers 12...Bb7) 12...Nxf7 13.Bd5 and, though White will
 remain a pawn ahead, his position is not so strong as it
 came out by the move in the text, which leaves Black with
 the cumbersome weak e-pawn to defend, and with less pieces
 on the board to make a fight, besides having forfeited the
 right of castling.  He could, however, not escape the
 exchange of queens, for, wherever the f6-knight moves,
 White won by the answer 9.Qd5.}
10.Nxe5 dxe5 11.Qxd8+ Kxd8 12.Bxf7 Bb7 13.f3 Ke7 14.Bb3 h6
15.Be3 Rhd8 16.a4 g5 17.axb5 axb5 18.Rxa8 Rxa8 19.Na3 Bc6
20.Kf2 Bf8 21.Nc2 Ke8 22.Nb4 Bb7 {[?:??-1:00]} 23.Rd1 Be7
24.Nd5 Nxd5 25.Bxd5 c6 26.Be6 Bc8
{The exchanges weaken him, of course; and, though he was
 much limited in his defensive moves, we should have
 preferred waiting as long as possible before submitting to,
 much less offering, a reduction in forces.}
27.Bxc8 Rxc8 28.h4 
{An excellent move (see diagram).  Black must take, or else,
 after the exchange of pawns, his g-pawn will become
 untenable.  The effect of the exchange of pawns is to draw
 the adverse h-pawn nearer to his own king, and therefore
 easier within reach of capture in case he succeeded in
 exchanging rooks.}
28...gxh4 29.Bxh6 {[1:00-?:??]} 29...Kf7 30.Be3 Ke6 31.Ra1
Rg8 32.b4 Rc8 33.Ra6 Kd7 34.Ra7+ Ke6 35.Bc5 Bg5 36.Be3 Be7
37.Ra6 Kd7 38.Kg1
{He hits on the right plan after having lost some moves with
 his rook.  The king must be brought round on the h-file in
 order to secure victory.}
38...c5 
{The game could not have been saved under any circumstances,
 and this was about as good as anything else, though its
 immediate effect is to release White from any apprehension
 respecting the pawns on the queenside, and to allow him to
 devote his fullest energy to clearing the road on the other
 wing.}
39.Rb6 cxb4 {[?:??-2:00]} 40.cxb4 Rc3 41.Bh6 
{The best move to avoid subsequent molestation.  Wherever
 else the bishop went, the adverse rook could either harass
 the king with checks, or attack the bishop.}
41...Bxb4 42.Rxb5 Bc5+ 43.Kh2 Bf2 44.Kh3 Bg3 45.Bg5 Rc2
{It was altogether hopeless now, and quite irrelevant what
 he did.}
46.Bxh4 Bxh4 47.Kxh4 Rxg2 48.Rxe5 1-0

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.29"]
[Round "11"]
[White "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Black "Rosenthal,S."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "D06"]
[LongECO "D06/01 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Queen's Gambit: Grau"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.06.05"]
1.Nf3 
{See our introductory comments in explanation of the meaning
 of this odd initiation and of the merit of Black's reply.}
1...d5 2.d4 Nf6 3.e3 Bf5 4.Be2 e6 5.a3
{We do not discern any utility for this move at the present
 stage.}
5...Bd6 6.c4 c6 7.Nc3 Nbd7 8.0–0 Ne4 9.Re1
{He stood now in the same position as in the ninth game,
 excepting that he was a move behind, owing to the
 thrown-away fifth move. Consequently he could not take the
 knight at once, as Black's pawn would retake, and then the
 opponent would obtain a strong attack by 10...Qh4, forcing
 the advance of White's g-pawn, which, after Black retreats
 the queen, furnishes a mark for the onslaught of his
 h-pawn. The expedient is adopted with the intention of
 capturing the knight, followed, if the pawn retakes, by the
 retreat of the knight to f1, viá d2, as in the ninth game.}
9...Ndf6 
{Excellent. Perceiving the difference of the situation, with
 true judgment he settles his plan accordingly, and prepares
 even a better one than in the ninth game. It is evident
 that he now means to hold the adverse gap in the center
 with one of his knights, which promises to be more
 advantageous than fixing his pawn at e4.}
10.Nxe4 
{Black threatened 10...Ng4, and, though White could in that
 case defend the f-pawn for the time by retreating 11.Rf1,
 he was always afterwards under the inconvenience that he
 could not drive either of the hostile knights from their
 respective posts. For, attacking one knight by 12.h3 was
 then obviously useless, as Black would advance 12...h5 in
 support, threatening to open the file for the rook with an
 irresistible attack should White take. Black could also
 sufficiently protect the other knight at e4 by withdrawing
 the bishop to g6, followed by ...f5, and White could never
 exchange without exposing himself to a powerful attack on
 the kingside, like the one pointed out in the note to
 White's ninth move.}
10...Nxe4 11.Bd2 Bg4 12.Rf1 
{Black threatened to win thus: 12...Bxf3 13.Bxf3 Bxh2+
 14.Kxh2 Qh4+ 15.Kg1 Qxf2+, followed soon by ...Qxd2. But
 the move in the text is a poor resource. Sooner than submit
 to such a retreat we would have moved the d-bishop, and
 then Black had no more than a draw in the above indicated
 exchange and sacrifice. We think, however, that 12.h3 was
 better still.  If Black at once exchanged the two minor
 pieces by 12...Bxf3 and 13...Nxd2 he could get no more than
 a drawn position, on account of bishops of opposite colors,
 while the extra pawn he might gain in the exchange could
 not be maintained if attacked by Rc1. If, on the other
 hand, he offered to sacrifice the bishop by 12...h5, then
 White, of course, was not bound to take, but could proceed
 with 13.Rc1.}
12...Bxf3 
{Lack of energy. He would have been quite justified in this
 position to attempt a win by 12...dxc4. This pawn was well
 defensible; and if White tried to recover it the game might
 have proceeded thus: 12...dxc4 13.h3 This seems best for
 the purpose; for, if 13.Bxc4 at once, Black will proceed in
 the same way as in the following variation from the 15th
 move, with much greater effect, as he will compel the
 advance of the hostile f-pawn, and then open the game by
 ...g5. 13...Bh5 14.Bxc4 Bxf3 15.gxf3 , best 15...Qg5+
 16.Kh1  and Black has already the choice of drawing by
 16...Ng3+, followed by 17...Qxg3, which leaves no other
 resource than the reply by 18.f4; then, at least, perpetual
 check may follow by 19.Qh3 and 20.Qg3. He may, however,
 also pursue the attack by 16...Qh4, followed, in reply to
 17.Kg2 by 17...Ng3, and 18...Nf5, or else by the simple
 retreat of 17...Nf6 at once, with the object of advancing
 the pawns on the king's wing in each case with an excellent
 game. We give a diagram of the position in the text.}
13.Bxf3 Nxd2 14.Qxd2 0-0 
{He would gain nothing by  14...dxc4, for the hostile rook
 would at once attack the same at c1, and Black's b-pawn
 could obviously not advance to b5 in support, without
 leaving his c-pawn en prise of the adverse bishop.}
15.Rac1 Qe7 16.Rfe1 Rfd8
{It would have been waste of time for either side to go on
 with this game.}
1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.05.31"]
[Round "12"]
[White "Rosenthal,S."]
[Black "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C77"]
[LongECO "C77/08 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Spanish: Morphy (Anderssen)"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.06.05"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.d3 d6 5.c3 a6 6.Ba4 g6 7.h3
Bg7 8.Be3 b5 9.Bb3 d5 
{Too early, certainly.  It exposes the point at c5 to the
 commanding occupation of the hostile bishop.}
10.Nbd2 h6 
{He wants to post his c8-bishop to e6 without being subject
 to the strong rejoinder Ng5. 10...d4 would have been
 useless; for White, after taking once, would have obtained
 a good post for his bishop at f4, and afterwards an attack
 with his rook or queen on the open c-file.}
11.Bc5 Be6 12.a4 dxe4 13.dxe4 Nd7 14.Be3 
{It was unquestionably much stronger to take the e6-bishop
 first, Black could not avoid retaking, and consequently
 forming a weak doubled pawn in the center; for if he took
 14...Nxc5, the winning answer was 15.Bd5, followed by
 16.axb4 in case the queen protected the knight.}
14...Bxb3 15.Qxb3 bxa4 16.Qc4 Qf6 17.Rxa4 0-0 
{Finely played.  We give a diagram of this position.  White
 dare not take the a-pawn, for Black would win then the
 exchange at least by 18...Na5, attacking the rook twice.}
18.0-0 a5 19.Rfa1 {[1:00-?:??]} 19...Nb6 20.Bxb6 cxb6 21.Qb5
Na7 22.Qe2 Rfc8 {[?:??-1:00]} 23.Rc4 
{A move thrown away entirely.  23.Nc4, attacking the e-pawn
 once more, was the correct play, and he could then gain the
 strong post at d5 with his knight in two moves, via e3.  It
 is obvious that Black could not reply 23...b5, on account
 of the rejoinder 24.Rxa5, doubly attacking the black
 knight.}
23...Nc6 24.Rca4 
{Sooner or later he must have beaten the retreat with his
 rook, for Black threatened to cut it off first by ...Bf8,
 with the intention of advancing the b-pawn on it.}
24...Rab8 25.Qb5 Na7 26.Qd7 
{All these maneuvers of the queen are useless, and lead to
 no favorable result.  He ought again to have tried to fix
 his d2-knight at d5, via f1 and e3.}
26...Nc6 27.Qd3 
{Notwithstanding the loss of time which he had incurred, he
 had still a fair game, and he evidently did not wish to
 give the opponent the option of drawing at once by
 constantly attacking the queen with the rook at d8 and c8.}
27...b5 28.R4a2 Rd8 29.Qe2 Bf8 30.Nf1 Bc5 31.Ne3 
{He comes too late now.  His opponent has, with due care,
 provided against the sally of the knight by preparing its
 exchange on the last move.}
31...Bxe3 32.Qxe3 Kg7 33.Qc5 {[2:00-?:??]} 33...Qd6 34.Qxd6
Rxd6 35.Kf1 f5 36.Re1 Kf6 37.Raa1 Rbd8 38.Re2 a4
{[?:??-2:00]} 39.Ke1 f4
{He closes the game upon the kingside, in order to be able
 to utilize his knight, which he could nor move before, as
 White would win a pawn by exchanging the f-pawn, and
 opening a double attack on the e-pawn.}
40.Rd2 Rxd2 41.Nxd2 Na5 42.Ke2
{An extraordingary oversight.  He must have been worn out
 and tired to overlook the opponent's plain reply.  42.Rd1
 would have made his game quite safe, and Black could
 expect no more than a draw at the utmost; for White could
 offer the exchange of rooks by withdrawing the knight, and
 Black would then have to take care of his loosely advanced
 b-pawn.}
42...Rxd2+ 43.Kxd2 Nb3+ 44.Kd3 Nxa1 45.c4 bxc4+ 46.Kxc4 Nc2
47.Kc3 a3 0-1

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.06.03"]
[Round "13"]
[White "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Black "Rosenthal,S."]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C65"]
[LongECO "C65/01 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Spanish: Berlin (Nyholm)"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.06.05"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.d4 exd4 5.0-0 Be7 6.e5 Ne4
7.Nxd4 0-0 8.Nf5
{It will be remembered that in the seventh game of the match
 Zukertort adopted the much inferior move 8.Re1 at this
 point.}
8...d5 9.Nxe7+ Nxe7 10.f3 c6 11.fxe4 Qb6+ 12.Kh1 Qxb5 13.Nc3
Qc5 {[?:??-1:00]} 14.Bg5 
{White rests his attack on the principle of rapid
 development, and his position is apparently worth the pawn
 he offers to give up.}
14...Ng6 
{Best. Had he played to gain the pawn, the game might have
 progressed thus: 14...dxe4 15.Nxe4 Qxe5 16.Nf6+ gxf6 (best;
 if 16...Kh8, then follows 17.Nxh7, 18.Qh5+ and 19.Rae1 as
 pointed out by Zukertort.) 17.Bxf6 Qd5 (best; any attempt
 to save the piece would be disastrous, on account of the
 reply 18.Qh5, or 18.Qd2, or 18.Qc1, always threatening
 either 19.Qg5+, or 19.Qh6, with a winning game.) 18.Qc1 Qh5
 19.Bxe7, with the superior game.  We may state that we
 thought at first that the capture of the e-pawn would be
 fraught with much greater danger, on account of the reply
 16.Re1; but, on examination, we come the conclusion that
 Black might in that case retreat the queen to c7; and if
 the hostile knight sacrificed itself at f6, he might take,
 followed by 18...Nd5, and mostly afterwards by ...Qf4.}
15.exd5 Nxe5 16.dxc6 Qxc6 17.Qe1 
{If 17.Nd5, the only answer was 17...Ng6.}
17...f6 18.Bf4 Ng6 19.Rd1 Re8 20.Qf2 Be6 21.Rd6 Qc4 22.Rd4
Qc6 23.Rfd1 Qb6 24.Na4 Qa5 25.b3 Rac8 26.c4 
{Apparently an oversight. He endangers an important pawn
 thereby.}
26...b5 
{Black also overlooks that he could safely capture the
 c-pawn with the bishop, for the adverse knight was bound to
 lose ultimate support if White retook; and, in reply to
 27.Bd2, the queen could keep its hold on the knight by
 27...Qa6.}
27.Bd2 Qc7 
{27...Qa6 looks awkward, but we feel sure that the
 legitimate result would not have justified the prejudice
 which appearances raise against it. It was certain to turn
 out better than to give up a clear pawn on the queenside,
 where he was already in a minority.}
28.cxb5 Red8 29.Bc3
{[1:00-?:??];
 We should have preferred 29.Be3, which would have kept
 greater pressure on the root of Black's position, his
 a-pawn, without ultimately necessitating the desertion of
 White's queen from his kingside, which afterwards might
 have caused some trouble.}
29...Rxd4 30.Qxd4 Nf8 {[?:??-2:00]} 31.h3 Qb7 
{White's last move was weak. Black takes prompt advantage,
 for he also threatens now 32...Bxh3.}
32.Kg1 Qxb5 33.Qxa7 
{Which now exposes him. See note to White's 29th move.}
33...Bd7 
{Dr. Ballard subsequently pointed out that Black might have
 here obtained a very good game by the following line of
 play: 33...Qe2 34.Re1 (This seems best; if 34.Ra1, Black
 may capture the bishop, followed by 35...Qb2) 34...Qxa2
 35.Rxe6 Rxc3 (not 35...Nxe6, or else he would lose by the
 answer 36.Qd7) 36.Re7 Rg3, etc.}
34.Qd4 Qg5 35.Nb6 
{A beautiful move, which completely answers the opponent's
 intended attack.}
35...Bc6 
{Had he taken the h-pawn, White would have checked with the
 queen at d5, and retaken with the knight, threatening
 38.Ne7+.}
36.Rd2 Re8 37.Qc4+ Kh8 
{Under a misapprehension. He exaggerates the attack he
 obtained by the sacrifice. Of course, the proper move would
 have been 37...Re6.}
38.Qxc6 Re1+ 
{Which required great courage, but he had clearly seen
 through all complications arising therefrom, as the sequel
 shows.}
39.Kh2 Qe3 
{Nothing was to be gained by 39...Qf4+, followed afterwards
 either by 40...Qf1 or 40...Qe3, for the ultimate respective
 answers of 41.Rg2 or 41.Qg2 made White's game secure.}
40.Nd5 
{Better than 40.Rd3, which would have made his defense
 troublesome, e.g.: 40.Rd3 Qg1+ 41.Kg3 Re3+ 42.Rxe3 Qxe3+
 43.Kh2 Qf4+, and if the pawn interposes, the queen checks
 again at f2, winning the knight if queen interposes,
 otherwise White will be much harassed before he can escape
 all hostile checks.}
40...Qg1+ 41.Kg3 {[2:00-?:??]} 41...h5 42.Qb6 
{All this is very fine play. He apparently gives up a piece,
 but he would recover the same speedily with advantage.}
42...h4+ 
{Had he exchanged queens, the game would have proceeded
 thus: 42...Qxb6 43.Nxb6 Re3+ 44.Kh2 Rxc3 45.Rd8, followed
 by 46.Nd7, if the king defends the knight, winning.}
43.Kxh4 Qh2 44.Bxf6 Re4+ 45.Kh5 Qg3 
{The last chance. He still threatens mate by 46...Rh4+, and
 47...g6+, etc.}
46.Bxg7+ 
{White's play furnishes a fine example of modern style. He
 has worked his king up fearlessly, and now finishes off
 with a few energetic strokes. We give a diagram of the
 position.}
46...Kxg7 47.Qf6+ Kh7 48.Qf7+ 1-0

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.06.07"]
[Round "14"]
[White "Rosenthal,S."]
[Black "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C77"]
[LongECO "C77/08 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Spanish: Morphy (Anderssen)"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.06.12"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.d3 d6 5.c3 a6 6.Ba4 g6 7.h3
Bg7 8.Be3
{In the fourth game of the match Rosenthal brought out the
 b1-knight, viá d2, before developing the bishop. In view of
 the plan of fixing this knight ultimately at g3, the
 alteration in the order of moves is insignificant; but we
 believe that the post at e3, which was chosen for this
 knight in the first game of the Steinitz-Blackburne match,
 is more adapted for attacking purposes, and should
 therefore be reserved.}
8...h6 9.Nbd2 Qe7 10.Nf1 Be6 11.Ng3 
{See preceding note. In face of the adverse kingside
 fianchetto, in which Black's g-pawn protects every square
 commanded by White's knight for aggressive purposes. g3
 does not appear a good place for the latter, which might
 better have been left at d2.}
11...b5 12.Bb3 d5 13.0-0 0-0 14.Nh2 
{The whole plan of White's attack does not sufficiently
 balance conflicting considerations. It is generally a sound
 principle to try to obtain the majority of pawns on the
 queenside, and he evidently aims at that object in
 preparing the advance of the f-pawn; but he does not make
 sufficient allowance for his opening the range of the
 hostile g7-bishop on his own queenside, and for the
 dangerous action of the two hostile rooks, which the
 opponent will be able to double on the open d-file.}
14...Rad8 15.Qe2 Na5 16.exd5 Nxd5 17.Bxd5 Rxd5 18.f4 exf4
19.Bxf4 Rfd8
{We should have preferred 19...b4 at once, which would have
 weakened the adverse queenside, for White could not take
 without exposing himself still more.}
20.b4
{[1:00-?:??];
 An ill-considered advance, which might have cost the game
 on the spot.}
20...Nb7 
{Feeble. The proper answer was 20...Nc6, which would have
 gained at least one important pawn on the queenside, for
 White could not then advance the d-pawn and allow the
 opponent to sacrifice the knight, e.g.: 20...Nc6 21.d4 Nxd4
 22.cxd4 Bxd4+ 23.Kh1 Bxa1 24.Rxa1 Qxb4, and White can
 neither take the h-pawn not the c-pawn, on account of the
 immediately winning reply 25...Qc3, attacking two pieces.
 Consequently Black remains with three strong pawns and a
 rook for two minor pieces; besides that, the adverse
 a-pawn is weak and indefensible in the long run. The
 advantage clearly preponderates on Black's side.}
21.d4 R5d7 22.Rae1 Qh4 23.Qe3 
{He did not master the situation, or else he would have seen
 that he had to gain this point in a roundabout way, or he
 subjected himself to danger at present. The proper play was
 23.Qf3, attacking the knight, whereupon the game might have
 proceeded thus: 23.Qf3 Bd5 24.Qe3 (now he can safely enter
 this square, as the opponent's rooks are shut out) 24...Nd6
 25.Nf3 Bxf3 26.Qxf3, with the superior game.}
23...Rxd4
{[?:??-1:00];
 A fine resource, which turns the tables, at least as far as
 the attack is concerned. We give a diagram of this
 position.}
24.Bxc7 
{Perhaps best under the circumstances; but we are not quite
 sure whether he could not accept the proffered exchange,
 e.g.: 24.Nf3 Qxf4 25.cxd4 (it comes to the same if he take
 25.Nxd4, for the adverse rook will always retake after
 exchanging queens) 25...Qxe3+ 26.Rxe3 Rxd4 27.Nxd4 Bxd4
 28.Rff3 Bxa2 29.Kf1 Bc4+ 30.Ke1 Bxe3 31.Rxe3 c5 (if
 31...a5, White may reply 32.Re7) 32.Ra3 cxb4 33.Rxa6, with
 a fair prospect of a draw.}
24...Rd3 25.Qb6 
{Best. If 25.Bxd8 , then followed: 25...Qxd8 26.Qf2 (if
 26.Qf4 , the g-pawn attacks again) 26...Bxc3 threatening
 27...Bd4, and recovering the exchange with an excellent
 attack.}
25...Rxg3 26.Rxe6 
{Again the only move. He could not take 26.Qxb7 at once
 before getting rid of the bishop, on account of the
 crushing reply 26...Bd5.}
26...fxe6 27.Bxg3 Qxg3 28.Qxb7 Rd2 29.Ng4 h5 30.Nh2
{[2:00-?:??];
 Which throws away his last chance for a draw. He could not
 check with 30.Nf6+, for Black, after exchanging, would
 check 31...Rd1+, followed by 32...Qe3+, winning the rook.
 Nor could he retreat 30.Nf2 without subjecting himself to
 immediate disaster by the reply 30...Be5. But he might have
 checked first with 30.Qf7+, followed by 31.Nf2, and we very
 much doubt whether Black would then obtain a winning
 position by force, for if his bishop moved away he was
 always subjected to checks, and his rook had to guard
 against the opponent occupying the open d-file with his own
 rook. It should be observed that Black had no better answer
 to 30.Qf7+ than 30...Kh8; for, if 30...Kh7, the adverse
 knight would check at f6 and draw at least by perpetual
 check at g8 and f6, as the black king dare not then go back
 to h8.}
30...Rxa2 31.Kh1 Re2 
{Quite right. He secures first the majority of pawns, in
 order that he should not be harassed by an offer of the
 exchange of queens, for instance, by Qf3.}
32.Qa8+ Kh7 33.Rf7 Re1+ 34.Nf1 Qxc3 35.Qxa6 Qc4 36.Kg1 Rxf1+ 
{White's conduct of this difficult ending presents a model
 of finessing maneuvers.}
37.Rxf1 Bd4+ 0-1

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.06.12"]
[Round "15"]
[White "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Black "Rosenthal,S."]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D06"]
[LongECO "D06/01 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Queen's Gambit: Grau"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.06.19"]
1.Nf3 d5 2.d4 Bf5 3.e3 e6 4.c4 Nf6 5.a3
{The position is only slightly altered from the eleventh
 game of the match; and we cannot therefore alter our
 opinion that this is loss of time.}
5...Bd6 
{Wrong, we have no doubt. Even in close game he cannot
 afford to lose moves so early.}
6.Nc3 
{It was quite good enough to advance 6.c5 at once, followed
 by 7.b4. However much Black might have struggled to break
 the pawns by ...b6 and ...a5, he could never get rid of the
 phalanx, if White only brought out the bishop to b2, and
 Black's game was badly blocked at once.}
6...c6 7.b4 a6 8.Bb2 Nbd7 9.Be2 Ne4 10.Nxe4 Bxe4 11.c5 Bc7
12.0-0 0-0
{He could have equalized the game now by 12...Bxf3, followed
 by 13...e5. White could then hardly allow the e-pawn to
 advance further, as the opponent, who had not yet castled
 on the same side, would obtain afterwards the usual sort of
 attack, viz., ...Qh4, and the subsequent pushing of the
 pawns on the kingside.}
13.Nd2 Bg6 14.a4 Nf6 
{At any risk, we should have preferred attempting a
 diversion in the center by 14...e5 at this point. The game
 might then have proceeded thus: 14...e5 15.dxe5 Nxe5 16.f4
 Nd3 17.Bc3 d4, and whether pawn or bishop takes, the answer
 would be 18...Nxf4, with a good game.}
15.f3 Qb8 
{A good move, which forces White to submit to a weak pint at
 e3.}
16.f4 Ne4 
{But now he could have better utilized his previous
 maneuver. He should have advanced 16...b5, and either he
 would soon create a block on the most vulnerable queen's
 wing, or else obtain a good attack for himself, e.g.:
 16...b5 17.cxb6 Qxb6 18.a5 (if 18.Qb3, Black would again
 attack by 18...Rab8, followed by 19...a5) 18...Qxb4 19.Ba3
 Qc3 20.Bxf8 Qxe3+ 21.Kh1 Kxf8, winning another pawn for the
 exchange, with an excellent game.} 
17.Nxe4 Bxe4 18.Qd2 Qd8 19.b5 axb5 
{Bad. As in the ninth game, he ought never to have taken,
 but should have moved  19...Qd7 at once.}
20.axb5 Qd7 
{Worse. Once he had captured, he was bound to exchange both
 pawns, and not to allow himself to be blocked in
 altogether. Under any circumstances, if he intended to
 allow the hostile advance, he should have moved 20...Qe7 at
 once, which saved him the trouble of gaining that post on
 the 23rd move.}
21.b6 Rxa1 22.Rxa1 Bb8 23.Bc3 Qe7 24.Qb2 
{This maneuver prevents the hostile plan of breaking through
 in the center with ...f6; for, even should Black support
 this attack once more by 24...Re8, White may keep him
 engaged by the answer 25.Ra8.}
24...h6 
{Some bolder course was now imperative. He ought to have
 advanced 24...g5; for White could not take without losing
 an important pawn. Black would, therefore, open the g-file,
 followed by ...Kh8 and ...Rg8 with some attack on the
 kingside as a set-off for his cramped position on the other
 wing.}
25.Be1 Kh7 26.Bg3 f5
{[?:??-1:00];
 Very feeble. He not alone blocks up his other bishop, but
 deprives himself of all chance of liberating himself in the
 center.  26...f6 was the right move, and would have kept
 most of White's pieces engaged to prevent the advance of
 ...e5.}
27.Bf1 Rg8 28.Qf2 {[1:00-?:??]} 28...Rf8 29.Be2 Rg8 30.Ra8
Rf8 31.Ra3
{The last two moves of the rook were superfluous. He might
 have advanced the h-pawn at once.}
31...Rg8 32.h4 Qf7 33.Ra1 
{But this time there is a great finesse in the movement of
 the rook. He wishes either the hostile rook or queen from
 their present respective positions, in order to advance the
 h-pawn, and then to be enabled to take with the f-pawn in
 case Black replied ...g5. At present he would be in danger
 if he pursued that plan - e.g.: 33.h5 g5 34.fxg5 Bxg3 35.g6+
 Rxg6 36.hxg6+ Qxg6, threatening ...Qg5 and ...Qh4, with a
 winning attack.}
33...Qe7 
{See our opening remarks. We should have advanced 33...h5,
 blocking the kingside afterwards by ...g6, and he had then
 a fair prospect of drawing.} 
34.h5 Qf7 35.Bh4 Re8 36.Qg3 
{An excellent move. After this Black's game may be regarded
 as lost.}
36...Rg8 {[?:??-2:00]} 37.Ra8 Re8 
{He is hampered in every direction. It would have been
 useless to attempt  37...g5, for White could take 38.hxg6+;
 and if 38...Rxg6, he would give up the queen by 39.Rxb8.
 The b-pawn was bound to fall ultimately by Rc8 and Rc7,
 even if the queen kept defending it, and then the passed
 pawn would win. It is also plain that if 36...Bxf4, White
 would win a piece by the answer 37.Qg6+.}
38.Kf2 Kg8 
{White makes it somewhat easier for the opponent, who
 intended to exchange queens, having prepared a brilliant
 winning maneuver on the other wing.}
39.Qg6 Qxg6 40.hxg6 Kf8 41.g3 Rc8 42.Ke1 Ke8 43.Kd2 Bg2
{Had he played 43...Kd7 the game might have proceeded thus:
 43...Kd7 44.Bh5 Rf8 45.Bf6 gxf6 (if 45...Bd6 White may
 reply 46.Ra7) 46.g7 Rg8 47.Bf7 Rxg7 48.Rxb8, and wins, for
 Black dare not take the bishop, or else White takes
 49.Rxb7+, and exchanges rooks, going afterwards to queen
 without hindrance.}
44.Kc3 Bh3 45.Ba6 
{A master coup, which decides the game.}
45...Kd7 
{He could not hope for the least relief by sacrificing the
 exchange - e.g.: 45...bxa6 46.b7 Kd7 47.bxc8Q+ Kxc8 48.Bf6
 Kb7 49.Rxb8+ Kxb8 50.Bxg7, followed by 51...Be5+, and
 wins.}
46.Bxb7 Re8 47.Kb4 {[2:00-?:??]} 47...Bg4 48.Ka5 Bh5 49.Ba6
Bxg6 {[?:??-3:00]} 50.Ra7+ 
{All this is in splendid style.}
50...Bxa7 51.bxa7 Kc7 52.Be7 
{Finis. After this fine stroke winning becomes a matter of
 course.}
52...Ra8 53.Bd6+ Kd8 54.Kb6 Be8 55.Bb7 Rxa7 56.Kxa7 g5
57.Kb6 g4 58.Bxc6 Bf7 59.Bb5 1-0

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.06.17"]
[Round "16"]
[White "Rosenthal,S."]
[Black "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "C77"]
[LongECO "C77/08 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Spanish: Morphy (Anderssen)"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.06.19 & 06.26"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.d3 d6 5.c3 a6 6.Ba4 g6 7.h3
Bg7 8.Be3 Qe7 9.Nbd2 h6 10.Qc2 Be6 11.d4 exd4 12.cxd4 Bd7
13.d5
{His opening moves were sound and in accordance with the
 principles of this form of attack; but here we should have
 preferred 13.Rc1 . If Black took the e-pawn, White would
 recover the pawn, with the superior game, by 14.d5.}
13...Ne5 14.Bxd7+ Nexd7 15.Qd3 
{Loss of time. 15.Qc4, at once was much better.;
 15.Q to B 3 is given in the issue of June 19; corrected to
 15.Q to Q 3 on June 26. -[Pope]}
15...0-0 16.0-0 Rfe8 17.Rfe1 Rad8 
{His hesitation to open the game gets him into a cramped
 position. We see no objection to taking the e-pawn,
 fearless of the pinning maneuvers, and the game might
 have proceeded thus: 17...Nxe4 18.Bd4 (if 18.Bxh6, the
 answer is 18...Ndc5) 18...f5 19.Bxg7 Kxg7 20.Nd4 Ndc5,
 followed mostly by 20...Qf7, attacking the d-pawn with the
 superior game.}
18.Rac1 Nc5 19.Bxc5 dxc5 20.Qc4 
{Which at any rate proves that he had previously lost a move
 (see note to White's 15th move). Under any circumstances,
 it was stronger move to retreat 20.Qc2, followed mostly by
 21.Nc4.}
20...Nd7 21.b3 b5 22.Qc2 Qd6 23.Rcd1 Re7 24.a4 {[1:00-?:??]}
24...c6
{Hazardous. Zukertort informs us that he foresaw the
 opponent's maneuvers, but gave up the exchange designedly,
 having faith in the strength of his two passed pawns. We
 should have preferred doubling the rooks on the e-file.}
25.e5 Nxe5 
{Of course he could not capture the d-pawn, or the answer
 26.Ne4, followed by 27.Nxc5, would have been ruinous.}
26.Nxe5 
{Zukertort points out if 26.Ne4 at once, he would have taken
 26...Nxf3+, followed by 27...Rxe4, and afterwards mostly
 28...Bd4, threatening then ...Qg3+, etc.}
26...Rxe5 27.Ne4 Rxe4 28.Qxe4 cxd5 29.Qe7 
{Well played. This was the best way to fight against the
 pawns' superiority.}
29...bxa4 30.Qxd6 Rxd6 31.Re8+ Kh7
{[?:??-1:00];
 Interposing the bishop was better; but even then the pawns
 could be successfully stopped, and Black would have been
 kept on the defensive - e.g.: 31...Bf8 32.bxa4 d4 33.Rc8 Rb6
 34.Ra8, followed by 35.a5, threatening ultimately to fix
 himself at b6 with his rook, via b3, whenever Black's rook
 leaves the b-file.}
32.bxa4 c4 33.Rc8 c3 34.Rc5 
{Which wins the most important pawn, and ought to have won
 the game; for, even if the d-pawn advances, White can take
 the c-pawn.}
34...Re6 35.Rdxd5 Re1+ 36.Kh2 Re2 37.f4 
{Already loss of time. We see no defense against 37.Kg3. Of
 course we cannot enter into a full analysis, and give only
 what seems to us the most plausible way of continuing the
 resistance: 37.Kg3 Rd2 38.Rxd2 cxd2 39.Rd5 Bc3 40.Kf3 Kg7
 41.Ke2 a5 42.Rd3 Bb4 43.Rd4 Bc3 (he must move the bishop,
 or White would take it off) 44.Rc4, and wins.}
37...g5 38.Rd7
{[2:00-?:??];
 A grave error. He could safely take the pawn, and all he
 had afterwards to care for was not to take the second time
 if Black retook or advanced the c-pawn - e.g.: 38.fxg5 c2
 (if 38...hxg5, then also 39.Kg3) 39.Kg3 Bb2 40.Kf3.}
38...gxf4 39.Rxf7 Kg6 
{He threatens now to win by 39...f3 and 40...f2, in case the
 adversary removes to c7 to stop the other pawn, and he must
 recover the exchange.}
40.Rxg7+ 
{If 40.Rxc3, then followed, of course, 40...Be5.}
40...Kxg7 41.Rxc3 Kf6 42.Kg1 Re4 43.Rc6+ Re6 44.Rc4 Kf5
45.Kf2 Re4 46.Rc5+ Re5 47.Rc8 
{It was not worth while to go on with this, and there is no
 further interest in the movements on both sides. The game
 is too even.}
47...Ra5 48.Rc4 Re5 49.Rc6 {[3:00-?:??]} 49...Re6
{[?:??-2:00]} 1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.06.19"]
[Round "17"]
[White "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Black "Rosenthal,S."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "A22"]
[LongECO "A22/01 (2nd ed.)"]
[Opening "English: Sicilian (Two Knights)"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.06.26"]
1.c4 e5 2.e3 Nf6 3.Nc3
{See introduction. 3.a3, now or on the previous move, would
 keep Black's f8-bishop shut up.}
3...Bb4 
{In the style of the Viennese players in the match between
 London and Vienna by telegraph and correspondence. The
 b4-bishop is an incumbrance to Black's game, and cannot be
 conveniently posted in the opening. It is better to try and
 exchange it.}
4.Nge2 
{He cannot allow the pawns to be doubled at this stage. His
 two bishops are no compensation, as they cannot find
 commanding situations. On the other hand, his doubled pawn
 cannot be dissolved against proper play of the adversary,
 and the latter has the advantage with his two knights in
 such circumstances.}
4...0-0 5.a3 Bxc3 6.Nxc3 d5 7.cxd5 Nxd5 8.Be2 Nc6 9.0-0 Be6
10.d4 Nde7
{A good move. Black wishes to preserve the superiority of
 pawns on the queenside, and justly does not mind the
 adverse superiority on the king's wing. For the ending the
 former would stand better.}
11.Bf3 
{The correct reply, which forces equalization in a few
 moves.}
11...exd4 12.exd4 Bc4
{[?:??-1:00];
 A thrown-away move. The adverse bishop is only driven to an
 important open file thereby. It was preferable to take the
 pawn at once, whereupon the game might have proceeded thus:
 12...Nxd4 13.Bxb7 Bb3 14.Qd3 (This seems best; neither at
 g4 nor at h5 is the queen apparently better placed, for she
 will be subject to attacks by the pawns sooner or later)
 14...Rb8 15.Be4 (He cannot now endeavor the maneuver
 15.Bd5, as Black would answer 15...Nc2) 15...g6 16.Bh6 Re8,
 followed mostly by ...Nef5, and also threatening to win a
 pawn at least by ...Bc2, with a good game.}
13.Re1 Nxd4 14.Bxb7 Rb8 15.Bd5 
{Which speedily counteracts all complications, and reduces
 the positions to a level. We give a diagram presenting the
 game at this, its only interesting juncture.}
15...Ne2+ 
{A good answer. He draws the adverse knight back into a less
 commanding position before accepting the offer of
 exchanging.}
16.Nxe2 Qxd5 17.Nc3 Qxd1 18.Nxd1 Nd5 19.Ne3
{Which means as much as offering a draw.}
19...Nxe3 20.Bxe3 a6 21.Rec1 Bd5 22.Rxc7 Rxb2 23.h3 Rfb8
24.Rd1 Bb3 1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.06.21"]
[Round "18"]
[White "Rosenthal,S."]
[Black "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "C48"]
[LongECO "C48/01 (3rd ed.)"]
[Opening "Four Knights: Spanish (Rosenthal)"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.06.26"]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.d3 d6 5.Nc3
{A very good move at this stage, to all appearance. It rests
 on the new idea of gaining time for Anderssen's line of
 play, who generally took 5.Bxc6, creating a doubled pawn,
 and then aimed as straight as possible at exchanging
 pieces, and bringing about and endgame.}
5...a6 
{He does not perceive that he remains a clear move behind.
 In the game between Anderssen and Blackburne above referred
 to, the latter had adopted 3...a6, and Anderssen had, as
 usual, withdrawn 4.Ba4.}
6.Bxc6+ bxc6 7.d4 exd4 8.Qxd4 c5 9.Qd3 Bb7 10.0-0 Be7 11.e5
Nd7 12.exd6 cxd6 13.Nd5 
{Bringing out a fresh piece was more in accordance with the
 usual rules of the attack, and was also more effective in
 the present instance. He ought to have proceeded with
 13.Bf4, and the game might have gone on thus: 13.Bf4 Nf6
 (This seems best, for the knight will probably be wanted on
 the kingside, and he is therefore better placed here than
 at b6) 14.Rfe1 (threatening 15.Rxe7+, followed by 16.Bxd6
 in case the opponent castles) 14...d5 15.Rad1 d4 (if
 15...Ne4, 16.Nxe4, followed by 17...Qc3) 16.Qe2 0-0 17.Qxe7
 Qxe7 18.Rxe7 Bxf3 19.gxf3 dxc3 20.b3, with the superior
 game; for Black's pawns on the queenside are hardly
 supportable in the ending.}
13...0-0 14.Nxe7+ 
{Even now 14.Bf4 was stronger, and might have led to the
 following continuation: 14.Bf4 Bxd5 15.Qxd5 Nf6 (if
 15...Nb6, 16.Qc6, followed by 17.Qb7, in case the rook
 attacks her) 16.Qc6 d5 17.Rad1 , and then 18.Rfe1, with the
 better game.}
14...Qxe7 15.Re1 Ne5 16.Nxe5 dxe5 17.Be3 Qe6 
{This trap was not laid deep enough.}
18.Bxc5 
{White accepts the bait, and escapes with it scot-free, as
 will be seen.}
18...Qc6 19.Qf3 
{This fine rejoinder must have been overlooked by Black in
 his forecast on the 17th move.}
19...Qxf3 
{He had nothing better, and only risked worse if he took the
 bishop, e.g.: 19...Qxc5 20.Qxb7 Rab8 21.Qxa6 Rxb2 22.Qd3,
 and White's a-pawn becomes formidable.}
20.gxf3 Rfc8 21.b4 Bxf3 22.Rxe5 a5 23.c3 axb4
{Black is fighting under great difficulties now, and
 extricates himself in a masterly manner. He designedly
 relieves the adverse passed pawns from all control of the
 only pawn he possess on this side, and in this exceptional
 case he proves right, for he supports a fine scheme
 thereby.}
24.cxb4 Rd8 25.h3
{[1:00-?:??];
 That Black threatened 25...Rxa2, which could not be retaken
 on account of the impending mate, was obvious; but had he
 seen at once the purport of Black's next fine rejoinder, he
 would have advanced 25.h4 at once, thus gaining the
 required time for pushing 26.a4 which probably would have
 won.}
25...h5 
{The main object of this beautiful move is to stop the
 immediate advance of the adverse a-pawn.}
26.h4 
{Whereby he acknowledges a previous error. He could not now
 advance the a-pawn, for the opponent might have taken it;
 e.g.: 26.a4 Rxa4 27.Rxa4 Rd1+ 28.Kh2 h4 29.Ra8+ Kh7 30.Rh5+
 Bxh5. Black thus recovers his pawn, with a very good game.
 White has nothing better to save himself than 31.Kg2; and
 then Black stops the advance of the b-pawn by ...Rb8, or
 ...Be2; and afterwards his king comes up to g6 and f5,
 followed by ...g5, with a strong attack on the kingside.
 Yet we believe that he would have accomplished his object
 better by 26.Kh2 at this point. If, then, 26...h4, 27.Re3,
 followed by 28.Rc3, in case 27...Bc6. This gave him more
 chance of making use of his combined two passed pawns, for
 he might even aim at sacrificing his e3-rook for the
 adverse bishop when opportunity offered itself, and his
 pawns would then more than cover the loss of the exchange
 if they could cross the white squares.}
26...f6 27.Re3 Bc6 28.a3 Rd2 {[?:??-1:00]} 29.Re6 Rd7 30.Rd6
Rxd6 31.Bxd6 Bb5 32.Kh2 Kf7 33.Bc5 Ke6 34.Re1+ Kf5 35.Re3
Re8 36.Rf3+ Kg6 37.Rg3+
{His h-pawn remained now too weak to allow him to speculate
 on bringing his king round to the queenside after
 exchanging rooks; besides, Black was also near enough with
 his king, and had thus the option of playing for attack or
 defense.}
37...Kf7 38.Rc3 Re4 
{This forces equality. It would be loss of time, for neither
 side can now play to win.}
39.Re3 1/2-1/2

[Event "Match"]
[Site "GBR London"]
[Date "1880.06.25"]
[Round "19"]
[White "Zukertort,J.H."]
[Black "Rosenthal,S."]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "A28"]
[LongECO "A28/11 (2nd ed.)"]
[Opening "English: Four Knights"]
[Annotator "Wilhelm Steinitz"]
[Source "The Field, London, 1880.07.03"]
1.c4 e5 2.e3 Nf6 3.Nc3 Nc6
{An alteration from the course taken in the seventeenth
 game, where Black played 3...Bb4 at this point.
 Zukertort informs us that he intended to reply with the
 move adopted by Anderssen in the Paris Congress, viz.,
 4.Nd5, had Black now pursued the same line of defense as on
 the last occasion and that he considers White's game
 superior in that case, albeit Black being enabled to double
 the pawns.}
4.Nf3 Bb4 
{4...e4 would have lost a pawn, thus: 4...e4 5.Ng5 Qe7 6.Qc2
 Nb4 7.Qb1 d6 8.Ngxe4, and it would be of no use to pin the
 knight with the bishop at f5, either before or after
 exchanging one of the knights, for White might safely reply
 Nxd6+.}
5.d4 
{5.Nd5, which, as stated above, Zukertort considers sound in
 a similar position on the fourth move, would not be
 favorable now that the c6-knight is already developed, for
 Black might exchange knights, followed by 6...Ne7.}
5...exd4 6.exd4 d5 
{The superior plan was to take off the knight, followed by
 7...d6. White's doubled pawn was then a great hindrance to
 his game. The move in the text enables White to gain an
 important move by attacking the bishop, or to force an
 exchange which strengthens his center.}
7.a3 Bxc3+ 8.bxc3 0-0 9.h3 
{This appears to us entirely superfluous, and we do not see
 how it assists the development in any way, or how it could
 be necessary for defensive objects.  9.Be3 at once would
 have kept White a move ahead.}
9...Re8+ 
{9...Ne4 10.Qc2 Bf5 (threatening 11...Ng3, etc.) 11.Qb2 Na5
 12.cxd5 (if 12.c5, Black would reply 12...b6) 12...Qxd5
 13.Qb4 Nd6 14.Ne5 b6 15.c4 Qe4+, threatening 16...c5, with
 the superior game; for White cannot develop his f1-bishop
 without losing his g-pawn.}
10.Be3 Ne7 11.Bd3 Nf5 12.Ne5 dxc4 
{12...Ne4 13.0-0 (This seems best; for, if 13.Bxe4,
 13...dxe4 , threatening to win a piece by 14...f6, followed
 by 15...h5; and Black also threatens to capture the bishop,
 followed by 15...Qh4+) 13...f6 14.Nf3 Nxc3 15.Qc2 Ne4
 16.cxd5 Ned6, with the better game; for, should White now
 attack by 17.g4, Black would gain time by taking
 17...Rxe3.}
13.Bxc4 Nd6 14.Bb3 Be6 15.0-0 Nd5 16.Bd2 Ne4 17.c4 
{See diagram.  In our general notice of this game published
 last week, we were wrong in stating that the deep trap laid
 here was attended with no risk.  On further examination we
 find that, beautiful as the combination is worked out in
 one direction, the initiatory move was not as correct as
 the straightforward line of defense by 17...Rf8.}
17...Ndc3 
{17...Nb6 18.Ba5 (if 18.c5 , Black may capture the d-pawn
 with the queen) 18...f6 19.d5 (We see nothing better; for,
 whatever else he does, the answer 19...fxe5 will also gain
 a pawn, with a still better position) 19...Bxd5 followed by
 20...Rxe5, with a pawn ahead, and a good position.  It may
 also be observed that Black, in lieu of the disastrous move
 in the text, could also equalize the game by 17...Nxd2, for
 White had no better answer than 18.Qxd2, as 18...fxe5 would
 lose, e.g.: 17...Nxd2 18.cxd5 Bxd5 19.Bxd5 Qxd5 20.Qxd2
 Rxe5, with a pawn ahead, and a fine game.}
18.Bxc3 Nxc3 19.Qc2 
{This beautiful move decides the game absolutely in White's
 favor.  No doubt Black has speculated on the adverse queen
 defending the d-pawn now, either at d2 or d3, whereupon he
 would capture the d-pawn nevertheless, afterwards
 recovering the queen by 20...Ne2+.}
19...Qxd4 {[?:??-1:00]} 20.Nf3 Qf6 21.Rfc1 
{All this is played with great foresight and precision.
 Attacking with the other rook was inferior.}
21...Ne2+ 22.Qxe2 Bxh3 23.Qd2 h6 24.Qc3 Qf4 
{It was no more Black's good play, but the remote chance of
 White playing badly, that could possibly save the game; and
 it is entirely a question of style how to go on with such a
 hopeless case.  Nevertheless, we cannot see the least
 prospect for him in throwing away another piece, since
 White, with proper precaution, had made room for the
 retreat of the king at f1 on the twenty-first move.  If
 anything was better than resigning, it was to exchange
 queens, and to face the ending game with two pawns ahead.
 Such a defense was more feasible, though quite unlikely to
 succeed in drawing, for Black's majority was separated on
 the two wings.}
25.gxh3 Re6 26.Re1 Rg6+ 27.Kf1 Rf6 28.Re3 {[1:00-?:??]}
28...Qf5 29.Ke2 Qxh3 30.Rg1 Kh8 31.Bc2 Rd8 32.Qe5 Qd7 33.Rd1
Rd6 34.Rxd6 cxd6 35.Qe7
{Straightforward and correct.  It is no use wasting
 calculations on such a position.}
35...g6 36.Qf6+ Kg8 37.Re7 1-0
